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. 2021 Jul 29;7(8):616. doi: 10.3390/jof7080616

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© 2021 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Corticosteroid therapy-induced immune dysfunction in COVID-19-associated mucormycosis. Corticosteroid therapy and diabetes mellitus attenuate the phagocytic functions of immune cells that allow the germination of Mucorales spores, leading to angio-invasion and tissue necrosis. Corticosteroid treatment impairs adherence, chemotaxis, phagocytosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, failing to arrest spore germination and leading to hyphae-mediated endothelial invasion and damage.