Table 3.

Antidislipidemic effects of sulfated fucose-rich polysaccharides after oral administration.

Polysaccharide	Dosage Regimen and Species	Major Observations and Mechanism Proposed	Ref.
Fucoidan from A. nodosum	100 mg/kg/day, 4 weeks, Mice	Improvement of reverse cholesterol transport and bile acid synthesis related genes expression. Reduction of plasma TC (~23.2%) and triglyceride (~48.7%) levels.	[22]
Fucoidan from A. nodosum	50 and 100 mg/kg/day, 8 weeks, ApoE−/− mice	Reduction of hepatotoxicity induced by high-fat diet; increased plasma LPL activity, apoA1 level and protein expression of PPARα/β (∼2-fold), improved fatty acid oxidation and TG lowering (∼24.5%).	[37]
Fucoidan from S. henslowianum	100 mg/kg/day, 4 weeks, Obese mice	Decreased cholesterol and LDL levels by ~ 23% and 18%, respectively.	[23]
Glycosaminoglycans from M. scabra	5, 10, 20 and 50 mg/kg, 6 weeks, Rats	Inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase and/or increased lipoprotein lipase activity and metabolism of cholesterol.	[36]
FucCS and sulfated fucan from P. graeffei and from I. badionotus	40 mg/kg, 8 days, Rats on high-fat diet	Hypolipidemic activity of sulfated polysaccharides is determined by the molecular dynamics of the sulfated polysaccharide.	[38]

LPL: lipoprotein lipase; PPAR: peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor; TG: triglycerides; HMG-CoA: 3-hidroxi-3-methyl-glutaril-CoA reductase. Results obtained with fucoidans from marine brown algae are in blue while those with polysaccharides from echinoderms are in red.