Table 3.

Factors associated with severe disease or death after vaccination (multivariable Cox proportional hazards analysis).

	Matched group 11		Matched group 22
	Hazards ratio (95% CI)	P-value	Hazards ratio (95% CI)	P-value
Age (per 10 years increase)	1.22 (0.96,1.55)	0.10	1.24 (1.00,1.54)	0.05
Male sex	2.44 (0.32,18.59)	0.39	4.99 (0.67,36.91)	0.12
Race (comparator: white)
Black	0.59 (0.24,1.50)	0.27	1.04 (0.58,1.88)	0.90
Other/unknown	1.05 (0.42,2.63)	0.92	0.85 (0.37,1.96)	0.70
Body mass index >30 (comparator: <30)	1.18 (0.74,1.90)	0.49	1.36 (0.89,2.06)	0.16
Comorbidities
Diabetes	1.29 (0.81,2.07)	0.29	1.25 (0.83,1.87)	0.29
Coronary artery disease	1.01 (0.64,1.58)	0.98	1.03 (0.69,1.53)	0.89
Chronic kidney disease	1.06 (0.64,1.74)	0.83	0.97 (0.65,1.45)	0.89
Chronic lung disease (COPD)	0.88 (0.56,1.37)	0.56	1.01 (0.70,1.48)	0.94
Anemia	2.89 (1.58,5.28)	0.001	4.92 (2.63,9.2)	<0.0001
Cancer diagnosis	0.84 (0.54,1.31)	0.45	0.91 (0.62,1.33)	0.62
Vaccinated (vs. unvaccinated)	0.88 (0.57,1.36)	0.57	0.62 (0.43,0.91)	0.01
Income (comparator: <15,000)
15,000–30,000	0.58 (0.32,1.04)	0.07	1.11 (0.69,1.78)	0.66
>30,000	0.76 (0.46,1.25)	0.28	0.83 (0.53,1.29)	0.40
Missing	0.88 (0.26,2.97)	0.84	0.60 (0.14,2.54)	0.49
Geographical location (comparator: urban)
Rural or very rural	0.87 (0.54,1.40)	0.56	0.85 (0.56,1.29)	0.44

¹Matched group 1 was matched on age, race, sex, body mass index, Charlson comorbidity score, date of first positive test, and 4 geographic regions as defined by the US Census Bureau.

²Matched group 2 was matched on all of the above except 4 geographic regions as defined by the US Census Bureau. USD, USA dollars.