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Real-time PCR of pro-inflammatory cytokines in colon samples. (A) Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), (B) Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), and (C) Interleukin-6 (IL-6) mRNA expression levels in colon of mice. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM. ns = not significant. ** = p < 0.01; *** = p < 0.001.
