Table 4.
Enzyme inhibitory activities of the ten vegetable extracts.
| Samples | Enzyme Inhibitory Activities (%Inhibition) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lipase | α-Amylase | α-Glucosidase | ACE | AChE | BChE | BACE-1 | |
| A. cepa | 12.86±0.37 h | 19.16±0.38 d | 8.09 ± 0.38 h | 91.31 ± 1.43 a | 8.32 ± 0.30 g | 8.44 ± 0.07 g | 35.22 ± 2.11 b |
| A. fistulosum | 33.76±0.21 f | 15.02±0.41 e | 40.82 ± 0.66 b | 60.01 ± 1.79 e | 21.31 ± 0.66 cd | 17.34 ± 1.16 f | 39.14 ± 1.04 a |
| A. sativum | 46.44±1.43 c | 4.11±0.30 i | ND | 76.15 ± 1.39 c | ND | 8.55 ± 0.20 g | ND |
| Ci. hystrix | 61.16±1.33 a | 26.62±0.32 c | 33.76 ± 1.60 d | 91.71 ± 2.11 a | 29.09 ± 1.07 b | 52.61 ± 1.60 a | 24.76 ± 1.44 e |
| Co. sativum | 55.76±1.40 b | 58.43±0.56 a | 18.55 ± 0.57 g | 70.66 ± 2.34 d | 22.34 ± 0.74 c | 40.09 ± 1.06 b | 28.00 ± 0.49 d |
| Cy. citratus | 39.15±2.29 e | 4.93±0.01 hi | 29.57 ± 0.44 f | 68.80 ± 0.74 d | 12.40 ± 0.70 f | 22.70 ± 0.35 e | 12.46 ± 1.28 h |
| E. foetidum | 43.28±0.85 d | 31.22±1.21 b | 38.36 ± 0.96 c | 68.53 ± 0.88 d | 58.57 ± 0.51 a | 32.85 ± 0.47 c | 20.39 ± 1.15 f |
| P. tetragonolobus | 39.15±2.29 e | 10.51±0.96 f | 64.03 ± 1.30 a | 76.80 ± 3.58 c | 28.18 ± 1.30 b | 23.63 ± 1.24 e | 30.98 ± 1.41 c |
| Se. pennata | 44.95±0.66 cd | 5.16±0.09 h | 19.78 ± 0.54 g | 87.29 ± 1.28 b | 20.22 ± 1.13 d | 28.12 ± 1.20 d | 36.39 ± 0.79 b |
| So. melongena | 20.85±0.52 g | 7.66±0.33 g | 32.03 ± 1.27 e | 50.35 ± 1.17 f | 16.59 ± 0.13 e | 3.65 ± 0.15 h | 15.53 ± 0.21 g |
All data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation (SD) of triplicate experiments (n = 3). Small letters indicate significantly different inhibitory activities of the same enzyme assay in different vegetable extracts at p < 0.05 calculated by the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Duncan’s multiple comparison test. The final concentration of the extracts in all enzymatic assays was 1 mg/mL, with the exception of ACE inhibitory assay, which was 0.2 mg/mL. ACE: angiotensin-converting enzyme; AChE: acetylcholinesterase; BChE: butyrylcholinesterase; BACE-1: β-secretase; ND: not detected.