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Mechanisms of ketogenic diet action. ROS = reactive oxygen species; GABA = gamma-aminobutyric acid; GSH = glutathione; G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR); HCA2 = hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 2; HDAC = histone deacetylase; Th = T helper; TNF-α = tumor necrosis factor alpha; NPY = neuropeptide Y; CCK = cholecystokinin; CNS = central nervous system; AMPK = AMP-activated protein kinase.
