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. 2021 Aug 16;13(8):2805. doi: 10.3390/nu13082805

Table 3.

Indications and contra-indications of ketogenic diet in adults.

Indications Contra-Indications
  • -

    Obesity (BMI > 30 kg/m2)

  • -

    Overweight with co-morbidities (hypertension, non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, metabolic syndrome, severe osteopathy or arthropathy, NAFLD, PCOS)

  • -

    Patients eligible for bariatric surgery
  • -

    Pregnancy and breastfeeding

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    Mental and behavioral disorders

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    Alcohol and other substance abuse

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    Type 2 diabetes mellitus with significant glucometabolic decompensation and in subjects treated with SGLT2 inhibitors

  • -

    Severe liver failure (chronic active hepatitis, cirrhosis of the liver)

  • -

    Renal failure

  • -

    Acute myocardial infarction within the previous three months, heart failure, unstable angina and arrhythmia

  • -

    Stroke within the previous three months

Modified from [187]. BMI = body mass index; NAFLD = nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; PCOS = polycystic ovarian syndrome; SGLT2 = sodium–glucose cotransporter 2.