Figure 2.

Cell viability (MTT assay) of HaCaT cells (immortalized human keratinocytes) after 24 h of treatment with ASE and NE_ASE at 0.625, 1.25, 2.5, 5, and 10 µg/mL concentrations. Appropriate vehicle controls with DMSO 0.01% (v/v) and NE_B were performed for ASE and NE_ASE treatments, respectively. Value represents mean ± SD for triplicate tests. Data were analyzed by a one-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey’s post hoc test. * p < 0.05, and ** p < 0.01, different from control group. ASE: Achyrocline satureioides extract; NE_ASE: Achyrocline satureioides extract-loaded nanoemulsion; NE_B: blank nanoemulsion.