Figure 1.

Summary of the dietary indices used in this study. The Nutrient-Rich Food Index 9.3 (NRF9.3) represents adherence to the national dietary intake standards [17,18]. The dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) is a comprehensive index of diet-derived inflammatory capacity, calculated using a common global mean and standard deviation (SD) deduced from the globally representative world database reported by Shivappa N et al. [19]. The energy adjusted DII (E-DII) is often used as an improved version of DII [20]. The details of these indices are described in the Materials and Methods section; NR, nutrient-rich; LIM, limiting nutrients; RDV, reference daily value; MUFAs, monounsaturated fatty acids; PUFAs, polyunsaturated fatty acids.