Table 2.
Diversity of bacterial strains capable of in-vitro metabolism of GLS (modified from Narbad and Rositer 2018) [13]. Substrate abbreviations are reported according to the abbreviation used in Table 1.
| Phylum | Family | Genus | Species (Strain) | Substrate | Products | Cell-Free Protein Extract * | Reference | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GSL | ITC | NIT | ||||||
| Actinobacteria | Bifidobacteriaceae | Bifidobacterium | pseudocatenulatum | SIN, GTL | NT ‡ | NT | [87] | |
| adolescents | SIN | − | + | 1 | ||||
| adolescents | GTL | − | + | |||||
| longum | SIN, GTL | − | NT | |||||
| Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidaceae | Bacteroides | thetaiotaonicron (II8) | SIN | + | − | [22] | |
| Firmicutes | Bacillaceae | Bacillus | cereus | rape seed meal | + | NT | [88] | |
| sSubtilis | PRO | + | NT | [89] | ||||
| Bacillus (isolates) | spp. | SIN | NT | NT | [90] | |||
| Enterococcaceae | Enterococcus | casseliflavus CP1 | SIN | + | + | 2 | [91] | |
| GER | + | + | [85] | |||||
| GIB | Trace | − | ||||||
| GRA | − | Trace | ||||||
| GTL | + | + | [91] | |||||
| GNR | + | + | [91] | |||||
| Lactobacillaceae | Lactobacillus | spp. | SIN | NT | NT | [90] | ||
| plantarum KW30 | GRA, GIB | − | + | [29] | ||||
| gasseri | GRA | − | + | [86] | ||||
| acidophilus | GRA | − | + | |||||
| casei | GRA | − | + | |||||
| plantarum | GRA | − | + | |||||
| curvatus (various strains) | SIN | NT | NT | [92] | ||||
| plantarum (various strains) | SIN | NT | NT | |||||
| (LEM) | SIN | NT | NT | [93] | ||||
| (LEM) | PRO | NT | NT | |||||
| agilis R16 | SIN | + | + | 2 | [21,91] | |||
| GER | + | + | [85] | |||||
| GIB | − | − | ||||||
| GRA | − | − | ||||||
| GTL | + | + | [91] | |||||
| GNR | + | − | ||||||
| Streptococcaceae | Lactococcus | lactis subsp.lactis KF147 | GRA, GIB | − | + | [29] | ||
| Listeriaceae | Listeria | monocytogenes | SIN | + | NT | [94] | ||
| monocytogenes | SIN | + | NT | [95] | ||||
| Lactobacillaceae | Pediococcus | pentosaceus | SIN | NT | NT | [92] | ||
| acidilactici | SIN | NT | NT | |||||
| pentosaceus | SIN | + | NT | [94] | ||||
| Staphylococcaceae | Staphylococcus | carnosus (various strains) | SIN | NT | NT | [92] | ||
| spp. | SIN | NT | NT | [90] | ||||
| epidermis | PRO | + | NT | [89] | ||||
| aureus | SIN | + | NT | [94] | ||||
| carnosus | SIN | + | NT | |||||
| Streptomyces | (isolates) | SIN | NT | NT | [90] | |||
| Proteobacteria | Enterobacteriaceae | Aerobacter (Klebsiella) | aerogenes | PRO | + | NT | [89] | |
| Citrobacter | WYE1 | SIN | − | − | 3 | [16] | ||
| Enterobacter | cloacae | SIN | NT | NT | 4 | [15] | ||
| cloacae KS50 | SIN | NT | NT | 4 | [17] | |||
| Escherichia | coli VL8 | SIN | + | + | 2 | [91] | ||
| GER | + | + | [85] | |||||
| GIB | + | + | ||||||
| GRA | + | + | ||||||
| GTL | + | + | [91] | |||||
| GNR | + | + | ||||||
| Escherichia | coli Nissle 1917 | GRA, GIB | − | + | [29] | |||
| coli | PRO | + | NT | [89] | ||||
| coli O157:H7 | SIN | + | NT | [18] | ||||
| SIN | + | NT | [94] | |||||
| fecalis | SIN | + | NT | |||||
| Salmonella | typhimurium | SIN | + | NT | ||||
| spp. | SIN | + | NT | [95] | ||||
| Paracolobactrum * | aerogenoides | PRO | + | NT | 5 | [89] | ||
| Morganellaceae | Proteus | vulgaris | PRO | + | NT | |||
| Pseudomonadaceae | Pseudomonas | spp. | SIN | NT | NT | [90] | ||
| fluorescens | SIN | + | NT | [94] | ||||
1 = ITC produced by cell-free extract. 2 = SIN degraded but no products found in cell-free extract. 3 = SIN, GTL, GRA, GER degraded by cell-free extract; MYR activity confirmed in vitro. 4 = SIN degraded by cell-free extract; MYR activity confirmed in vitro. 5 = PRO degraded by cell-free extract; ITC found. ‡ NT, not tested. * invalid name in the standing bacterial nomenclature, not reassigned to a taxonomically valid genus to date.