Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics.
| Variable | Whole Sample (n = 469) | Negative PUA (n = 427) | Positive PUA (n = 42) | p-Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex, n (%) | Male | 320 (68.2) | 295 (69.1) | 25 (59.5) | |
| Female | 149 (31.8) | 132 (30.9) | 17 (40.5) | 0.27 | |
| Age, n (%) | mean (sd) | 67.6 (14.7) | 67.6 (14.7) | 67.6 (14.5) | 0.98 |
| Death, n (%) | yes | 84 (17.9) | 79 (18.5) | 5 (11.9) | |
| no | 385 (82.1) | 348 (81.5) | 37 (88.1) | 0.39 | |
| ICU admission, n (%) | yes | 43 (9.2) | 40 (9.4) | 3 (7.1) | |
| no | 426 (90.8) | 387 (90.6) | 39 (92.9) | 0.84 | |
| CCI, M (sd) | 3.5 (2.3) | 3.4 (2.3) | 3.8 (2.3) | 0.27 | |
| missing | 43 | 43 | 0 | ||
| Severe immunodepression, n (%) | 13 (3.0) | 11 (2.8) | 2 (4.9) | 0.8 | |
| missing | 39 | 38 | 1 | ||
| Previous lung disease, n (%) | No | 228 (64.0) | 205 (64.3) | 23 (62.2) | |
| Yes | 128 (36.0) | 114 (35.7) | 14 (37.8) | 0.94 | |
| missing | 113 | 108 | 5 | ||
| Days since onset of symptoms, M (sd) | 6.3 (3.8) | 6.2 (3.8) | 6.6 (3.9) | 0.53 | |
| missing | 65 | 63 | 2 | ||
| Steroid treatment before hospitalization, n (%) | No | 309 (74.5) | 281 (75.1) | 28 (68.3) | |
| Yes | 106 (25.5) | 93 (24.9) | 13 (31.7) | 0.44 | |
| missing | 54 | 53 | 1 | ||
| Antibiotic treatment before hospitalization (n of atb), n (%) | 0 | 281 (67.2) | 250 (66.5) | 31 (73.8) | |
| 1 | 125 (29.9) | 117 (31.1) | 8 (19.0) | ||
| 2 | 12 (2.9) | 9 (2.4) | 3 (7.1) | 0.07 | |
| missing | 51 | 51 | 0 | ||
| Antibiotic treatment during hospitalization (n of atb), n (%) | 0 | 18 (4.7) | 16 (4.7) | 2 (5.1) | |
| 1 | 254 (66.7) | 227 (66.4) | 27 (69.2) | ||
| 2 | 103 (27.0) | 94 (27.5) | 9 (23.1) | ||
| 3 | 6 (1.6) | 5 (1.5) | 1 (2.6) | 0.9 | |
| Radiological findings at CT scan | No CT scan | 256 (71.9) | 228 (71.7) | 28 (73.7) | |
| GGO | 21 (5.9) | 20 (6.3) | 1 (2.6) | ||
| FO | 8 (2.2) | 7 (2.2) | 1 (2.6) | ||
| GGO+FO | 69 (19.4) | 61 (19.2) | 8 (21.1) | ||
| others | 2 (0.6) | 2 (0.6) | 0 (0.0) | 0.89 | |
| missing | 113 | 109 | 4 | ||
| Radiological findings at chest X-ray | 0 | 17 (4.8) | 17 (5.3) | 0 (0.0) | |
| GGO | 126 (35.3) | 120 (37.6) | 6 (15.8) | ||
| FO | 55 (15.4) | 45 (14.1) | 10 (26.3) | ||
| GGO+FO | 151 (42.3) | 130 (40.8) | 21 (55.3) | ||
| others | 8 (2.2) | 7 (2.2) | 1 (2.6) | 0.02 | |
| missing | 112 | 108 | 4 | ||
| WHO ordinal scale at admission | mean (sd) | 4.5 (1.1) | 4.5 (1) | 4.9 (1.2) | 0.01 |
| missing | 46 | 46 | 0 | ||
| WHO ordinal scale at day 7 | mean (sd) | 4.4 (1.9) | 4.3 (1.9) | 5 (1.9) | 0.02 |
| missing | 70 | 69 | 1 | ||
| WHO ordinal scale at day 14 | mean (sd) | 3.1 (2.7) | 3.1 (2.7) | 3.2 (2.7) | 0.91 |
| missing | 144 | 140 | 4 | ||
| C-reactive protein at admission (mg/mL), M (sd) | 11 (8.6) | 10.9 (8.6) | 12.5 (9) | 0.28 | |
| missing | 42 | 38 | 4 | ||
| Procalcitonin at admission (ng/mL), M (sd) | 1.1 (5.8) | 1.1 (6) | 1.4 (3.7) | 0.76 | |
| missing | 169 | 160 | 9 | ||
| Neutrophil count at admission (103/mm3), M (sd) | 36.9 (440.8) | 39.8 (461.6) | 6.7 (3.6) | 0.66 | |
| missing | 49 | 44 | 5 | ||
| Lymphocyte count at admission (103/mm3), M (sd) | 9.9 (101.7) | 10.6 (106.5) | 1.7 (5.2) | 0.6 | |
| missing | 47 | 42 | 5 | ||
| C-reactive protein at day 7 (mg/mL), M (sd) | 5 (6.3) | 5 (6.2) | 5.5 (7.6) | 0.69 | |
| missing | 211 | 196 | 15 | ||
| Neutrophil count at day 7 (103/mm3) | 10.4 (52) | 10.6 (54.8) | 7.8 (3.8) | 0.79 | |
| missing | 208 | 192 | 16 | ||
| Lymphocyte count at day 7 (103/mm3), M (sd) | 1.2 (1.6) | 1.3 (1.7) | 1.1 (0.5) | 0.52 | |
| missing | 208 | 192 | 16 | ||
Note. Abbreviations: PUA, pneumococcal urinary antigen; M, mean; SD, standard deviation; ICU, intensive care unit; CCI, Charlson comorbidity index; GGO, ground-glass opacity; FO, focal opacity.