Table 2.
Liposomal formulations with salinomycin.
| Composition | Payload | Preparation Method | Size (nm) | PDI | Zeta Potential (mV) | EE (%) | Drug Loading (%) | In Vitro Release | Biological Effect | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DPPC, CHOL (2:1), DSPE-PEG2000 (5 mol%) | Sali complexes (Na, K, Ni, Co, Mn) | Lipid film hydration method, freeze-drying | 133.8–159.9 1 | 0.062–0.124 1 | +0.4–+4.04 1 | 28–76 1 | n.r. | n.r. | Divalent complexes were more cytotoxic; liposomal complexes were more effective than the free form in KG-1, Reh and U266 cells | [4] |
| HSPC, CHOL, DSPE-PEG2000 (85:10:5) | Sali + Dox | Lipid film method | 115 | 0.215 | −41.1 | 68.34/52.06 2 | 1.31/0.88 2 | 80% in PBS pH 7.4/70% in PBS pH 5, at 12 h 2 | Synergistic effect at 1:1 molar ratio; the liposomal combination exhibited a higher tumor inhibitory rate, and CSC-eradicating effect compared to free combination in HepG2 tumor-bearing mice | [66] |
| DOPC, DOPG, MPB-PE (4:1:5), PEGylated | Sali + Dox | Dehydration-rehydration method, crosslinking with DTT | 265 | 0.027 | n.r. | > 80 (for both drugs) | n.r. | 80%/70% in media containing 10% FBS, after 15 days 2 | Higher inhibitory effect of CSCs for the liposomal combination than the single liposomal drugs in 4T1, 4T1D and MDA-MB-231 cells. 2-fold more effective in vivo that the single liposomal drugs or their combination | [67] |
| HSPC, CHOL, DSPE-PEG2000 (85:10:5) | Sali+Cq | Ethanol injection method | 120.9 | 0.174 | −13.7 | 68.62/60.97 3 | 2.60/8.33 3 | 80%/40% in PBS pH 7.4, at 12 h 3 | Synergistic effect at 1:5 molar ratio; Cq enhanced the cytotoxicity of Sali in HepG2 cells | [68] |
PDI, polydispersity index; EE, entrapment efficiency; DPPC, 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine; CHOL, cholesterol; DSPE-PEG2000, 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (methoxy(polyethylene glycol)-2000); Sali, salinomycin; n.r., not reported; HSPC, hydrogenated soybean phospholipid; Dox, doxorubicin; CSC, cancer stem cell; DOPC, 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine; DOPG, 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(10-rac-glycerol); MPB-PE, 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-[4-(p-maleimidophenyl)butyramide]; PEG, polyethylene glycol; DTT, dithiothreitol; FBS, fetal bovine serum; Cq, chloroquine. 1 Data reported for various liposomal salinomycin complexes, depending on complex:DPPC molar ratio. 2 Data reported for salinomycin and doxorubicin, respectively. 3 Data reported for salinomycin and chloroquine, respectively.