Table 4.
Combined delivery of salinomycin and different anticancer drugs in polymeric nanoparticles.
| Composition | Combination Therapy | Preparation Method | Size (nm) | PDI | Zeta Potential (mV) | EE (%) | Drug Loading (%) | In Vitro Release | Biological Effect | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PLGA-PEG | Sali + Docetaxel 1 | Emulsion/solvent evaporation method | 129.4 2 | 0.11 2 | −17.3 2 | 79.2 2 | 7.4 2 | 50% in PBS pH 7.4 and human plasma, at 12 h; 80%, after 108 h | Superior tumor growth suppression of GC compared to combined free drugs and single drug-NPs | [75] |
| PLGA-TPGS | Sali + Docetaxel 3 | Nanoprecipitation method | 73.83 | 0.193 | −25.7 | 53.28/82.3 4 | 4.08/4.12 4 | 68.19%/65.43% in PBS pH 5.0, and 64.28%/60.52% in PBS pH 7.4, after 10 days 4 | Synergistic effect at 1:1 molar ratio; greater cytotoxicity in MCF-7 cells and mammospheres, and superior antitumor efficacy in vivo, compared to other treatments | [76] |
| PLGA-PEG | Sali + Gefitinib 5 | Emulsion/solvent evaporation method | 146.8/132.5 6 | 0.13/0.15 6 | −16.3/−18.8 6 | 83.8/76.3 6 | 8.7/7.5 6 | 80% after 108 h; faster release in PBS + 10% FBS than in PBS pH 7.4 6 | Effective eradication of CD133+ lung CSCs and inhibition of tumorsphere formation; the combination of drug-loaded NPs inhibited tumor growth in A431-xenograft-bearing mice more efficiently than the combined free drugs or single drug-loaded NPs; good safety profile in vivo | [78] |
| PLGA, coated with HA | Sali + Paclitaxel 7 | Emulsion solvent diffusion method | 153.41/116.71 8 | 0.258/0.257 8 | +49.1/+68.2 8 | 71.2/59.7 8 | 10/5 8 | 100%/60% in PBS pH 7.4 + 0.5% Tween 80, after 60 days 8 | Sali’s cytotoxicity increased by 2.3 and 5.7-fold by incorporation into NPs and HA-NPs, respectively; HA coating of NPs improved cellular uptake by 1.5-fold; combination of NPs showed the highest potency against CD44+ breast cancer cells | [79] |
| PLGA-PEG, conjugated with HA | Sali + Curcumin 9 | Double emulsion method | 153.4/120.1 10 | n.r. | n.r. | 70/82 11 | n.r. | 88%/90% in PBS pH 7.4 and 96%/94% in PBS pH 5.0, at 24 h | Higher efficacy in inducing apoptosis and inhibiting cell migration of MCF-7 cells | [80] |
PDI, polydispersity index; EE, entrapment efficiency; PLGA-PEG, poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) copolymer; Sali, salinomycin; GC, gastric cancer; NP, nanoparticle; TPGS, d-α-tocopherol polyethylene glycol succinate; FBS, fetal bovine serum; PLGA, poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid); HA, hyaluronic acid; n.r., not reported. 1 Salinomycin and docetaxel were incorporated into nanoparticles separately. 2 Data reported for salinomycin-loaded nanoparticles. 3 Salinomycin and docetaxel were co-loaded in the nanoparticles. 4 Data reported for salinomycin and docetaxel, respectively. 5 Salinomycin and gefitinib were incorporated into nanoparticles separately. 6 Data reported for salinomycin-loaded nanoparticles and gefitinib-loaded nanoparticles, respectively. 7 Salinomycin and paclitaxel were incorporated into nanoparticles separately. 8 Data reported for hyaluronic acid-coated salinomycin-loaded nanoparticles and paclitaxel-loaded nanoparticles, respectively. 9 Salinomycin and curcumin were co-loaded in the nanoparticles. 10 Data reported for naked co-loaded nanoparticles and hyaluronic acid-conjugated co-loaded nanoparticles, respectively. 11 Data reported for salinomycin and curcumin, respectively.