Table 9.
Other types of nanoparticles loaded with salinomycin.
| Composition | Combination Therapy | Preparation Method | Size (nm) | PDI | Zeta Potential (mV) | EE (%) | Drug Loading (%) | In Vitro Release | Biological Effect | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TPGS, HA, D-α-tocopheryl succinate | PTX | Covalent linkage; Emulsion-solvent evaporation method | 203/193/280/238 1 | 0.18/0.15/0.24/0.15 1 | −6.77/−29.4/−6.81/−28.87 1 | 92.61/87.67 2 | 3.08/2.92 2 | > 90% in PBS pH 6.8 + Tween 80 and glutathione 3 | 3-fold decrease of IC50 value for the HA-coated NPs after 72 h treatment exposure | [2] |
| PLGA | - | Electrospinning | 170 4 | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | 80% in PBS pH 6 and 7.4, after 4 days | A more pronounced inhibitory effect compared to free Sali; induction of ROS production | [105] |
| Pluronic F-127, PLGA-PEG-PLGA triblock co-polymer | - | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | n.r. | Pluronic hydrogel was degraded in one week while PLGA-PEG-PLGA hydrogel in one month in PBS pH 7.4 at 37 °C; 100%/36% in PBS pH 7.4, after 7 days 5 | Both types of hydrogels presented a higher cytotoxic effect compared with free Sali; both types of hydrogels loaded with Sali induced ROS production | [106] |
| ATO-5, MCT, Solutol HS15, Kolliphor EL, polyoxyethylene 40 stearate, DSPE-PEG2000, conjugated with TISWPPR peptide | PTX 6 | Melt emulsification and solidification method | 128.73 | n.r. | -28.3 | 95.62 | 1.02 | 95% in PBS pH 7.4 + ethanol and SDS, after 24 h | The inhibitory effect of the NPs was 2-times higher compared to free Sali, and 4-times higher when TISWPPR peptide was attached to the surface of the NPs | [107] |
| Soybean lecithin, CHOL, modified with clathrin | - | Film hydration method | 199/310 7 | n.r. | -33.53/-36.63 7 | 97.96/93.5 7 | 12.81/10.14 7 | The release rates in still plasma and still cytoplasm were similar, 11.8% and 6.5%, respectively; in still cytoplasm with HSC70 was approximately 11.8%; in ultrasounded plasma was 15.1/8.8% 7. All the experiments were performed for 72 h | Clathrin-modified NPs exhibited a higher inhibitory effect compared to free Sali or Sali-SLN when used in concentrations greater than 2.5 µM | [108] |
| Labrafac, Trancutol, Lipoid S-100, Solutol HS15 | SN38 8 | Phase inversion temperature method | 54.2 | 0.08 | −1.3 | 100 | 24.1 | n.r. | The encapsulation into NPs reduced the hemolytic activity and IC50 value, increased the tolerated dose in vivo and median survival time | [109] |
| c-PLA, azido-folate, azido-rhodamine | - | Chemical synthesis; click coupling; nanoprecipitation method | 385/125 9 | n.r. | n.r. | 79/84 9 | 7.1/7.6 9 | n.r. | Folate-decorated NPs presented an increased cytotoxic effect, and the incorporation of Sali into NPs did not improve this outcome; Sali-loaded NPs and decorated with rhodamine increased the cytotoxic effect of the unloaded NPs or free Sali | [110] |
PDI, polydispersity index; EE, entrapment efficiency; TPGS, D-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate; HA, hyaluronic acid; PTX, paclitaxel; NP, nanoparticle; PLGA, poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid); n.r., not reported; Sali, salinomycin; ROS, reactive oxygen species; PLGA-PEG-PLGA, poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)-polyethylene glycol-poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) triblock co-polymer; MCT, medium chain triglyceride; DSPE-PEG2000, 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (methoxy(polyethylene glycol)-2000); SDS, sodium dodecyl sulfate; SLN, solid lipid nanocarriers; CHOL, cholesterol; c-PLA, cyclicpolylactide. 1 Data reported for salinomycin-loaded nanoparticles, hyaluronic acid-conjugated salinomycin-loaded nanoparticles, salinomycin and paclitaxel-loaded nanoparticles, hyaluronic acid-conjugated salinomycin and paclitaxel-loaded nanoparticles, respectively. 2 Data reported for paclitaxel loaded in the naked nanoparticles and hyaluronic acid-conjugated nanoparticles, respectively. 3 Data reported for salinomycin and paclitaxel, respectively. 4 The size refers to the diameter of the nanofibers. 5 Data reported for Pluronic F-127 hydrogel and PLGA-PEG-PLGA hydrogel, respectively. 6 Paclitaxel was loaded into the nanoparticles separately from salinomycin. 7 Data reported for salinomycin-loaded solid lipid nanocarriers and clathrin-modified salinomycin-loaded solid lipid nanocarriers, respectively. 8 SN38 was loaded into the nanoparticles separately from salinomycin. 9 Data reported for folate-functionalized salinomycin-loaded nanoparticles and rhodamine-functionalized salinomycin-loaded nanoparticles, respectively.