Figure 2.

(a) Schematic representation of “time-of-addition” experiments. (b–d) The cranberry extract inhibits HAZV infection acting at early stage of the HAZV replication cycle. Vero cells were treated with extract at increasing concentrations (0, 3.125, 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, and 100 μg/mL in (b,d) and 0.008, 0.04, 0.2, 1, and 5 μg/mL in (c)) (b) 1 h before infection (PreT-C), (c) during infection (CoT), or (d) immediately after infection (PosT) with HAZV at an MOI of 0.05 FFU/cell. At 24 h p.i., viral infectivity was determined by IFA. The virus infectivity was expressed as a % of the positive control of infection (untreated, set at the 100% value). Data represent mean ± SD of three independent experiments performed in triplicate. **** p < 0.0001.