Figure 3.

(a) Schematic representation of the Viral Attachment Assay (VAA); (b) HAZV attachment to target cells is prevented by cranberry extract. Precooled Vero cells were infected with HAZV at an MOI of 0.05 FFU/cell in the absence or in the presence of different concentrations of extract (0.008, 0.04, 0.2, 1, and 5 μg/mL) for 2 h at 4 °C (a condition known to allow the attachment to cells surface and prevent viral internalization). Then cell monolayers were washed with PBS and incubated with complete growth medium at 37 °C. At 24 h p.i., infected cells were detected by IFA. Viral infectivity was expressed as a % to the positive control of infection (untreated, set at the 100% value). The data shown represent mean ± SD of three independent experiments performed in triplicate. **** p < 0.0001.