Table 1.
Summary of phage pharmaceutical and their phage-based product
| Name of the pharmaceuticals/centers | Location | Target Gram-positive pathogen | Name of the phage product | Platform | Product approval agent | Objective |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pherecydes Pharma | France | Staphylococcus aureus | PHOSA | Phage cocktail | N/A | To treat infections of bone and joint or diabetic foot ulcer infections |
| Armata Pharmaceuticals | USA | Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans | AP-SA02 | Synthetic phages | FDA | They use synthetic phages in which phage are engineered to express C16G2 antimicrobial peptide for treating tooth decays caused by S. aureus and S. mutans |
| Eliava Phage Institute | Georgia | Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus sanguis, Streptococcus salivarius, Enterococcus spp. | Staphylococcal, SES, FERSISI, INTESTI, PYO Bacteriophages | Natural phages and personalized phage cocktails | N/A | Largest phage therapy center that works on various number of infections caused by resistant pathogens |
| Intralytix Pharmaceuticals | USA | Staphylococcus aureus | PhagoBioDerm | Natural phage | FDA | Targeting the leg ulcers caused by Staphylococcus aureus, they have successful completed the phase I clinical trials |
| Adaptive Phage Therapeutics | USA | Staphylococcus aureus | N/A | Personalized phage cocktails | Not approved by FDA, currently they are treating patient on eIND | The host range of the phages (deposited in phage bank) is determined by calorimetric method against the pathogen isolated from the patients and given in the cocktail for therapy |
| Locus Biosciences | USA | Clostridium difficile | crPhage™ | CRISPR/Cas engineered phage | FDA | To treat recurrent Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) |
| Phagelux | China | Staphylococcus aureus,Staphylococcus epidermidis | PL-01-SS,PL-03-BM,PL-06-FC,PL-01-SZ, | Natural phages, endolysin | N/A | For treatment of infection caused by Staphylococcus spp. such as burn wounds, ulcers, acne, eczema and implant related. They are in the pre-clinical studies of the phage products |
| Phagomed | Austria | Staphylococcus aureus | N/A | Natural phage cocktails | Austrian Research Promotion Agency (FFG) | To treatment biofilms and implant associated infections |
| Microgen | Russia | Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus spp. | Sextaphag®, Complex pyobacteriophage, Streptococcus bacteriophage | Natural phage cocktails | N/A | To treat various number of infections caused by S. aureus and Streptococcus spp. in combination with other phages of Gram-negative pathogens |
| GangaGen | India | Staphylococcus aureus | P128 (ectolysin) | Phage-encoded endolysin | N/A | They are in the Phase II clinical trial of lysin against MRSA |
| ContraFect | USA |
Staphylococcus aureus Streptococcus pneumonia Enterococcus faecalis Group B streptococcus Bacillus anthracis |
CF-301 (Exebacase), G.P.lysins |
Phage-encoded endolysin | FDA | To treat endocarditis, prosthetic joint infections caused by MRSA and also against other Gram-positive bacterial infections. Lysin is used in combination with SOC antibiotic (e.g., vancomycin, daptomycin) that is found to enhance the efficacy. Exebacase is the first lysin to enter phase III clinical trial in USA |
N/A information not available, FDA Food and Drug Administration, eIND emergency investigational new drug