Table 3.
Regression analysis of perinatal parameters characteristics due to the presence of gestational diabetes mellitus (N = 203).
| Parameters | Univariate Logistic Regression Analysis Presence of GDM |
||
|---|---|---|---|
| Exp (B) | 95% CI | p | |
| Age | 1.045 | 0.977–1.118 | 0.199 |
| Pre-pregnancy weight (kg) | 1.060 | 1.029–1.092 | <0.001 |
| Menarche | 0.905 | 0.687–1.193 | 0.905 |
| Rhesus type | 1.083 | 0.428–2.735 | 0.867 |
| Allergies | 1.498 | 0.573–3.912 | 0.410 |
| Positive family history for cardiovascular disease | 2.769 | 1.335–5.743 | 0.006 |
| Positive family history for DM | 10.400 | 3.488–31.010 | <0.001 |
| Pre-pregnancy BMI (kg/m2) | 1.209 | 1.105–1.323 | <0.001 |
| Obesity degree | 2.939 | 1.758–4.912 | <0.001 |
| Weight at delivery (kg) | 1.064 | 1.035–1.094 | <0.001 |
| Gestational weight gain (GWG) (kg) | 4.454 | 2.213–8.965 | <0.001 |
| BMI at delivery (kg/m2) | 1.220 | 1.124–1.325 | <0.001 |
| GWG and increased pre-pregnancy BMI | 1.892 | 1.458–2.457 | <0.001 |
| GWG, increased pre-pregnancy BMI and increased BMI at delivery | 5.574 | 2.807–11.066 | <0.001 |
| Parity | 1.042 | 0.637–1.702 | 0.871 |
| Pregnancy pelated hypertension (PRH) | 3.048 | 1.107–8.388 | 0.031 |
| Congenital thrombophilia (CT) | 3.988 | 1.273–12.497 | 0.018 |
| Anemia in pregnancy | 1.723 | 0.906–3.278 | 0.097 |
| Drug use in pregnancy | 2.762 | 1.316–5.798 | 0.007 |
| Positive urine culture test | 1.616 | 0.613–4.262 | 0.332 |
| Group B strep swab test | 0.583 | 0.227–1.499 | 0.263 |
| Antibiotics use during labor | 0.967 | 0.482–1.938 | 0.924 |
| Mode of delivery | 1.765 | 1.193–2.611 | 0.004 |
| Prelabor premature rupture of membranes (PROM) | 0.801 | 0.283–2.273 | 0.677 |
| Complications during labor | 1.221 | 0.478–3.120 | 0.677 |
| Days of gestation | 1.008 | 0.970–1.046 | 0.699 |
| Biparietal diameter (BPD) (mm) | 1.118 | 1.011–1.237 | 0.029 |
| Head circumference (HC) (mm) | 1.032 | 1.006–1.058 | 0.014 |
| Abdominal circumference (AC) (mm) | 1.025 | 1.007–1.044 | 0.005 |
| Femoral length (FL) (mm) | 1.130 | 1.009–1.265 | 0.035 |
| Estimated fetal weight (EFW) (g) | 1.001 | 1.000–1.002 | 0.007 |
| Large for gestational age (LGA) | 3.670 | 1.655–8.136 | 0.001 |
| Amniotic fluid index (AFI) (MM) | 1.011 | 1.003–1.020 | 0.011 |
| Small for gestational age (SGA) | 1.243 | 0.372–4.154 | 0.723 |
| Gender | 0.708 | 0.368–1.361 | 0.300 |
| Length at birth (cm) | 1.210 | 1.042–1.405 | 0.012 |
| Birth weight (g) | 1.001 | 1.000–1.002 | 0.008 |
| Newborn’s head circumference (cm) | 1.310 | 1.031–1.666 | 0.027 |
| Newborn’s chest circumference (cm) | 1.219 | 1.010–1.471 | 0.039 |
| Apgar score first minute | 0.473 | 0.310–0.722 | 0.001 |
| Apgar Score fifth minute | 0.324 | 0.179–0.588 | <0.001 |
| Leucocytes before (1 × 109/L) | 0.984 | 0.853–1.136 | 0.830 |
| Hemoglobin level before (g/L) | 0.983 | 0.951–1.017 | 0.322 |
| Hematocrit before (L/L) | 0.961 | 0.849–1.087 | 0.526 |
| Platelets before (1 × 109/L) | 0.996 | 0.990–1.002 | 0.171 |
| Glucose level before (mmol/L) | 1.418 | 0.891–2.255 | 0.141 |
| D dimer before (mg/L) | 1.179 | 0.870–1.598 | 0.289 |
| Leucocytes after (1 × 109/L) | 1.032 | 0.918–1.160 | 0.598 |
| Hemoglobin level after (g/L) | 0.975 | 0.950–1.002 | 0.066 |
| Hematocrit level after (L/L) | 0.986 | 0.911–1.066 | 0.717 |
| Platelets after (1 × 109/L) | 0.996 | 0.990–1.002 | 0.157 |
| Glucose level after (mmol/L) | 2.469 | 1.698–3.591 | <0.001 |
| D dimer after (mg/L) | 1.315 | 0.905–1.909 | 0.151 |
| AIMS pronation 3 month | 0.468 | 0.253–0.864 | 0.015 |
| AIMS supination 3 month | 0.182 | 0.087–0.381 | <0.001 |
| AIMS pronation 6 month | 0.388 | 0.153–0.984 | 0.046 |
| AIMS supination 6 month | 0.522 | 0.310–0.880 | 0.015 |
| AIMS sitting 6 month | 0.514 | 0.330–0.801 | 0.003 |
| AIMS standing 6 month | 0.304 | 0.107–0.866 | 0.026 |
| Glucose level newborn (mmol/L) | 0.935 | 0.763–1.146 | 0.515 |
| Bilirubin level newborn (µmol/L) | 0.995 | 0.989–1.000 | 0.063 |
| Phototherapy | 0.549 | 0.227–1.328 | 0.183 |
| Hypertrophic newborn | 3.267 | 0.905–11.793 | 0.071 |
| Hypotrophic newborn | 1.217 | 0.229–6.476 | 0.818 |
| Birth injuries | 3.125 | 0.429–22.786 | 0.261 |
| Preterm birth | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.999 |