Table 2.
Odds ratio [95% confidence interval] and p-values (in parentheses) of hematuria being in category j or above (j = +, ++ or +++) among children in Senegal in 2016 and 2017, depending on schistosomiasis infection intensity and adjusted for age, sex, and study site. Only individuals with complete data on hematuria, urogenital or intestinal infection intensities, age, sex, and study site were included in the cumulative link logistic regression models (n = 509 in 2016; n = 472 in 2017).
| Hematuria 2016 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sh and Sh-Sb Urogenital Infection Intensity | ||||
| None | Light | Heavy | ||
|
Sm intestinal infection intensity |
None | 1 | 7.19 [5.14–10.1] (p < 0.0001) |
51.7 [26.4–101] (p < 0.0001) |
| Light | 1.05 [0.46–2.39] (p = 0.91) |
8.62 [5.09–14.6] (p < 0.0001) |
70.8 [29.0–173] (p < 0.0001) |
|
| Moderate | 1.10 [0.21–5.73] (p = 0.91) |
10.3 [4.30–24.9] (p < 0.0001) |
97.1 [22.0–429] (p < 0.0001) |
|
| Heavy | 1.16 [0.10–13.7] (p = 0.91) |
12.4 [3.51–43.8] (p < 0.0001) |
133 [15.3–1159] (p < 0.0001) |
|
| Hematuria 2017 | ||||
| Sh and Sh-Sb urogenital infection intensity | ||||
| None | Light | Heavy | ||
|
Sm intestinal infection intensity |
None | 1 | 6.37 [4.33–9.39] (p < 0.0001) |
40.6 [18.7–88.2] (p < 0.0001) |
| Light | 1.31 [0.53–3.24] (p = 0.56) |
5.78 [3.37–9.89] (p < 0.0001) |
25.5 [9.73–66.6] (p < 0.0001) |
|
| Moderate | 1.72 [0.28–10.5] (p = 0.56) |
5.24 [2.18–12.6] (p = 0.00021) |
15.9 [3.13–81.3] (p = 0.00086) |
|
| Heavy | 2.26 [0.15–34.1] (p = 0.56) |
4.75 [1.35–16.7] (p = 0.015) |
9.99 [0.90–111] (p = 0.061) |
|
Sh: Schistosoma haematobium; Sh-Sb: S. haematobium-S. bovis hybrids; Sm: S. mansoni. Urogenital infection intensity: none: 0 ep 10 mL (eggs per 10 mL of urine); light: <50 ep 10 mL; heavy: ≥50 ep 10 mL. Intestinal infection intensity: none: 0 epg (eggs per gram of feces); light: 1–99 epg; moderate: 100–399 epg; heavy: ≥400 epg.