Table 2.
3DP of anticancer dosage forms.
| Types of Dosage Forms | Dosage Forms | APIs | Diseases | Types of Printer | Matrixes | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Implants for local chemotherapy or thermotherapy | Scaffold | DOX | Bone cancer | FDM | Chitosan, nanoclay and β-tricalcium phosphate, PCL | [27] |
| Drug-eluting implant | DOX and apo2l/trail | Bone cancer | SLM | Ti6A14V | [51] | |
| Magnetic hyperthermia scaffold | DOX | Bone cancer | PE | Fe3O4/MBG/PCL | [28] | |
| Photothermal scaffold | non | Bone cancer | N/A | Ca-P/polydopamine | [29] | |
| Photothermal bioscaffold | non | Bone cancer | N/A | Fe-CaSiO3 | [30] | |
| Photothermal hydrogel scaffolds | PDA | Bone cancer | Bioscaffolder | Alg-PDA | [31] | |
| Nanoporous disc | DOX | Bone metastases secondary to prostate cancer | FDM | TPU | [52] | |
| Tablet | Progesterone | Breast, ovarian, uterus and prostate cancers | SLS | PCL | [53] | |
| Bullet-shaped implant | Cytoxan | N/A | FDM | PLA | [54] | |
| Magnetically actuated implant | Methylene blue (MB), Docetaxel (DTX) | Prostate cancer | N/A | ABS | [32] | |
| Magnetically controlled implant | TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) and DOX | N/A | Bioprinter | graphene oxide and PCL composite | [33] | |
| Scaffold | DOX and Cisplatin | Breast cancer | E-jet | PLGA | [55] | |
| Scaffold | 5-FU and NVP-BEZ235 | Breast cancer | E-jet | PLGA | [55] | |
| Spherical implant | DOX, ifosfamide, methotrexate, Cisplatin (CDDP) | Osteosarcoma | SLA | PLLA | [56] | |
| Patch | 5-FU | Pancreatic cancer | PE, MHDS | PLGA, PCL | [34] | |
| Tablet | Fluorouracil | Cartilage cancer | SLS | PCL | [57] | |
| Drug delivery implant patent | N/A | Mouth/anal/cervical/vaginal cancer | N/A | N/A | [58] | |
| Nanogel discs | Paclitaxel, rapamycin | Ovarian cancer | FDM | Poloxamer 407 | [35] | |
| Mesh | Temozolomide (TMZ) | Glioblastoma (GBM) | Bioprinter | PLGA | [36] | |
| Brachytherapy device | Vaginal template for brachytherapy | N/A | Cervical cancer | Multi-jet Printing | N/A | [38] |
| Superficial brachytherapy applicator | Radioisotopes of yttrium-90 | Skin cancer | SLA | PLA | [39] | |
| Brachytherapy applicator | Gafchromic ebt3 film | Gynaecologic cancer | FDM | PLA | [37] | |
| Implants for local Immunotherapy | Nanogel | DNA nanocomplex | Glioblastoma | SLA | Gelatin Methacrylamide | [44] |
| Transdermal Dosage forms | Anticancer agent coated metal microneedle | 5-fluorouracil, CUR, cisplatin | Skin cancer | MJ | Metal | [50] |
| Microneedle | Decarbazine | Skin cancer | SLA | Propylene fumarate (PPF)/diethyl fumarate (DEF) | [59] | |
| Microneedle | Cisplatin | Skin cancer | SLA, inkjet printer | Soluplus® | [60] | |
| Oral dosage forms | Tablet | 5-fluorouracil | Colorectal cancer | DOP | Caso4, Soluplus® | [46] |
| Not stated | Microparticles | Paclitaxel (PTX) | Cervical Cancer | Piezoelectric inkjet printer | PLGA | [61] |
Abbreviations: APIs: active pharmaceutical ingredients, Ca-P: calcium phosphate, CUR: curcumin, DOX: Doxorubicin, 5-FU: Fluorouracil, FDM: fused deposition modelling, SLM: selective laser melting; PDA: poly dopamine, PE: pneumatic extrusion, SLS: selective laser sintering, MHDS: multi-head deposition system, SLA: stereolithographic, MJ: material jetting, DOP: digital offset press technology. PTX: paclitaxel, PLGA: poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid), PLA: polylactic acid, PCL: polycaprolactone, PLLA: poly (l-lactic acid), ABS: acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, TNF: Tumour necrosis factor, TPU: thermoplastic. Polyurethane, ALG-PDA: sodium alginate/poly dopamine, MBG: mesoporous bioactive glass, NVP-BEZ235: dactolisib. E-jet: electrohydrodynamic jet, N/A: not applicable.