Table 5.
Examples of some 3D-printed models for organs.
| Organ | Purpose | Printing Material | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kidney | Surgical planning and patient counselling of a partial nephrectomy procedure | Thermoplastics | [147] |
| Liver, Kidney, Lung, Prostate and Arteries | Medical education | Polyamide | [149] |
| Liver | Liver transplant procedure | TangoPlus, VeroClear, TangoBlack and VeroBlue | [115] |
| Liver | Medical education | Nylon | [150] |
| Liver | Surgical planning for hepatectomy for colorectal cancer metastases | Silicon | [151] |
| Liver | Pre-operative planning | TangoPlus and TangoBlack | [152] |
| Bladder and Urethra | Robotic vesicourethral anastomosis | Silicon | [40] |
| Brain | Surgical planning in pediatric glioma | VeroClear | [153] |
| Brain | Neurosurgical planning | - | [154] |
| Mandible | Mandibular reconstruction | Photopolymer | [155] |
| Lung | Patient counselling in stage I cancer | Photopolymer | [156] |
| Thorax | Surgical planning for removal of the thoracic tumour | - | [153] |