Table 3.
Group | Total | LEV (1) 1 |
LEV + VPA (2) |
LEV + EIAED (3) |
LEV + VPA + EIAED (4) | p * | Paired Comparison ** |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | 283 | 109 | 31 | 84 | 59 | ||
LEV concentration (mg/L) 2 | 21.6 (14.6–32.1) |
21.0 (15.6–32.1) |
23.1 (11.3–37.8) |
21.7 (14.4–28.0) |
22.2 (14.4–33.9) |
0.9335 | |
LEV dose (mg/day) 2 | 2000 (1250–2000) |
1500 (1000–2000) |
2000 (1000–3000) |
2000 (1500–2500) |
2000 (1425–3000) |
0.0217 | (1)-(3), (1)-(4) |
LEV dose/kg (mg/kg/day) 2 | 27.5 (19.9–38.4) |
26.7 (18.4–34.2) |
27.8 (19.0–33.6) |
28.4 (21.5–40.3) |
28.5 (21.4–39.5) |
0.2911 | |
LEV CDR (kg/L) 2 | 0.81 (0.60–1.08) |
0.85 (0.61–1.13) |
1.00 (0.60–1.20) |
0.78 (0.59–0.95) |
0.79 (0.62–1.09) |
0.0406 | (1)-(3), (2)-(3) |
1 Levetiracetam with non-EIAEDs and psychiatric drugs. 2 Values are expressed in median (25th percentile–75th percentile). * p values from Kruskal–Wallis test. ** p < 0.05 in Conover post-hoc test. Abbreviations: LEV, levetiracetam; VPA, valproic acid; EIAED, enzyme-inducing antiepileptic drug; CDR, concentration-to-drug ratio.