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. 2021 Aug 23;14(8):826. doi: 10.3390/ph14080826

Table 3.

Serum levetiracetam concentration, dose, and concentration-to-dose ratio for concomitant medication groups (n = 283).

Group Total LEV
(1) 1
LEV + VPA
(2)
LEV + EIAED
(3)
LEV + VPA + EIAED (4) p * Paired Comparison **
n 283 109 31 84 59
LEV concentration (mg/L) 2 21.6
(14.6–32.1)
21.0
(15.6–32.1)
23.1
(11.3–37.8)
21.7
(14.4–28.0)
22.2
(14.4–33.9)
0.9335
LEV dose (mg/day) 2 2000
(1250–2000)
1500
(1000–2000)
2000
(1000–3000)
2000
(1500–2500)
2000
(1425–3000)
0.0217 (1)-(3), (1)-(4)
LEV dose/kg (mg/kg/day) 2 27.5
(19.9–38.4)
26.7
(18.4–34.2)
27.8
(19.0–33.6)
28.4
(21.5–40.3)
28.5
(21.4–39.5)
0.2911
LEV CDR (kg/L) 2 0.81
(0.60–1.08)
0.85
(0.61–1.13)
1.00
(0.60–1.20)
0.78
(0.59–0.95)
0.79
(0.62–1.09)
0.0406 (1)-(3), (2)-(3)

1 Levetiracetam with non-EIAEDs and psychiatric drugs. 2 Values are expressed in median (25th percentile–75th percentile). * p values from Kruskal–Wallis test. ** p < 0.05 in Conover post-hoc test. Abbreviations: LEV, levetiracetam; VPA, valproic acid; EIAED, enzyme-inducing antiepileptic drug; CDR, concentration-to-drug ratio.