Figure 4.

The effects of Morinda citrifolia seeds extract on iNOS and TNF-α expression in LPS-stimulated RAW264 cells. Cells were treated with MCS-ext (100 μg/mL) for 0.5 h before incubation with LPS (200 ng/mL). After 12 h of LPS stimulation, total RNA was isolated using Isogen II. (A) iNOS and (B) TNF-α mRNA levels were analyzed using real-time RT-PCR. The relative mRNA levels were determined using the Ct value method and normalized to β-actin expression. Data are presented as mean ± SD (n = 3). * p < 0.05, *** p < 0.001 compared to the LPS-treated group.