Table 3.
Antidepressant drugs tested in zebrafish.
| Antidepressant Drug | Tested Dose and Duration of Treatment |
Tested Zebrafish |
Applied Test |
Effects | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Amitriptyline | 10 and 50 μg/L; 2-week exposure |
Adult subjects |
NTT | 50 μg/L: anxiolytic-like behavior, i.e., ↑ time spent in the upper part of the tank, ↓ transitions to the upper part of the tank, ↓ latency to enter the upper part of the tank; both doses: ↓ serotonin turnover and ↑ norepinephrine and dopamine levels in the brain | [149] |
| 1, 5, and 10 mg/L; 20 min exposure |
Adult subjects |
NTT | 1 and 5 mg/L: changes in behavior, i.e., ↑ time spent in the upper part of the tank, ↓ latency to enter the upper part of the tank; 10 mg/L: ataxic movements; 5 and 10 mg/L: ↑ 5-HIAA (5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid)/serotonin ratio in the brain | [150] | |
| 1 mg/L; 20 min exposure |
Adult subjects |
ZTI | 1 mg/L: ↑ travelled distance and ↑ time of mobility | [61] | |
| Escitalopram | 0.15 and 1.5 µg/L; 3-week exposure |
Adult subjects |
Spontaneous swimming behavior |
Gender differences in behavioral responses: 1.5 µg/L in females: ↓ maximum swimming velocity and ↓ thigmotaxis; 1.5 µg/L in males: ↓ maximum swimming velocity | [151] |
| Fluoxetine | 0.01 mg/L; 7-day exposure |
Adult subjects |
CUS + NTT | In stressed subjects: restored swimming in the upper part of the tank, prevented increase in the cortisol level | [100] |
| 4.6 μM; 24 h exposure | Larvae with grs357 mutation | Spontaneous activity | ↑ activity and ↓ the whole-body cortisol level | [49] | |
| 0.8 μM; 4-day exposure |
Adult subjects with grs357
mutation |
NTT | ↓ freezing duration and ↓ wall-avoidance behavior | [102] | |
| 0.25 mg/L; 3 h exposure |
Adult subjects |
NTT | ↑ time spent in upper part of the tank and ↓ freezing duration |
[152] | |
| 10 mg/L; 3 min exposure |
Adult subjects |
Open-field drop test | ↓ bottom dwelling and ↑ time spent in the upper part of the tank | [153] | |
| Nortriptyline | 0.01 mg/L; 7-day exposure |
Adult subjects |
CUS + NTT | In stressed subjects: restored swimming in the upper part of the tank, prevented increase in the cortisol level | [100] |
| Sertraline | 2, 10, and 15 mg/L; 20 min exposure |
Adult subjects |
ZTI | 10 and 15 mg/L: ↑ travelled distance 15 mg/L: ↑ mobility time |
[61] |
| Venlafaxine + Melatonin | 0.025 μg/mL + 1 μM; 7-day exposure |
Adult subjects |
Reserpine-induced depression (40 μg/mL, 7 days) + NTT |
Reversed the reserpine-induced depressive phenotype, i.e., ↑ exploration, ↓ irregular movements, ↑ travelled distance in the upper part of the tank | [97] |
CUS—chronic unpredictable stress; NTT—novel tank test; ZTI—zebrafish tail immobilization.; ↑: increase; ↓: decrease