| AGP | arabinogalactan protein |
| APW | artificial pond water |
| BBM | Bold’s basal medium |
| BI | Bayesian inference |
| HG | Homogalacturonan |
| ML | maximum likelihood |
| PAR | photosynthetically active radiation |
| PBS | phosphate-buffered saline |
| RGI | rhamnogalacturonan I |
| TEM | transmission electron microscopy |