Table 2.
Thicknesses in the 9 layers of the retina and in the 9 ETDRS regions. Mean ± SD (μm) (normal distribution, Shapiro–Wilk test p ≥ 0.05). Median [interquartile range] (μm) (non-normal distribution, Shapiro–Wilk test p < 0.05).
| Layer | RNFL | GCL | IPL | INL | OPL | ONL | RPE | IRL | ORL | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| C | BD | C | BD | C | BD | C | BD | C | BD | C | BD | C | BD | C | BD | C | BD | |
| Central | 12.0 [3.0] |
11.65 ± 2.09 | 16.62 ± 3.78 | 14.0 [5.5] |
21.26 ± 3.51 | 20.12 ± 4.86 | 20.76 ± 6.26 | 18.0 [10.0] |
25.71 ± 5.60 | 23.0 [8.5] |
95.0 [16.25] |
92.0 [15.0] |
16.0 [2.0] |
15.0 [2.0] |
189.45 ± 25.03 | 185.06 ± 20.48 | 90.0 [5.0] |
88.18 ± 4.59 |
|
p (U-test) = 0.14 AUC = 0.62 |
p (U-test) = 0.17 AUC = 0.61 |
p (t-test) = 0.32 AUC = 0.61 |
p (U-test) = 0.86 AUC = 0.51 |
p (U-test) = 0.47 AUC = 0.56 |
p (U-test) = 0.46 AUC = 0.56 |
p (U-test) = 0.056 AUC = 0.66 |
p (t-test) = 0.52 AUC = 0.58 |
p (U-test) = 0.28 AUC = 0.59 |
||||||||||
| Inner Nasal (IN) | 22.21 ± 2.88 | 20.47 ± 3.78 | 53.0 [6.25] |
44.71 ± 6.94 | 43.0 [4.25] |
38.59 ± 4.12 | 40.50 [5.0] |
43.47 ± 3.73 | 32.0 [7.0] |
35.47 ± 8.46 | 76.0 [16.25] |
70.94 ± 16.15 | 15.05 ± 1.62 | 15.0 [3.5] |
267.0 [25.0] |
254.06 ± 15.31 | 82.50 ± 3.09 | 81.82 ± 3.09 |
|
p (t-test) = 0.06 AUC = 0.68 |
p (U-test) = 0.00 AUC = 0.82 |
p (U-test) = 0.00 AUC = 0.83 |
p (U-test) = 0.041 AUC = 0.67 # |
p (U-test) = 0.56 AUC = 0.55 # |
p (U-test) = 0.79 AUC = 0.52 |
p (U-test) = 0.71 AUC = 0.53 # |
p (U-test) = 0.009 AUC = 0.72 |
p (t-test) = 0.45 AUC = 0.56 |
||||||||||
| Outer Nasal (ON) | 51.90 ± 7.99 | 44 [18] |
38.00 [6.0] |
36.82 ± 5.08 | 30.0 [3.25] |
29.35 ± 3.46 | 34.0 [4.0] |
37.12 ± 3.39 | 28.0 [4.25] |
29.0 [4.0] |
55.81 ± 7.98 | 55.18 ± 9.63 | 13.0 [2.0] |
13.00 ± 1.77 | 239.0 [18.75] |
239.29 ± 11.27 | 78.95 ± 2.84 | 77.71 ± 2.78 |
|
p (U-test) = 0.18 AUC = 0.61 |
p (U-test) = 0.62 AUC = 0.54 |
p (U-test) = 0.91 AUC = 0.51 |
p (U-test) = 0.001 AUC = 0.78 # |
p (U-test) = 0.055 AUC = 0.66 # |
p (t-test) = 0.79 AUC = 0.52 |
p (U-test) = 0.66 AUC = 0.54 |
p (U-test) = 0.87 AUC = 0.51 # |
p (t-test) = 0.13 AUC = 0.62 |
||||||||||
| Inner Superior (IS) | 25.07 ± 2.62 | 24.0 [3.5] |
52.0 [5.25] |
51.00 [7.0] |
42.0 [4.0] |
40.06 ± 3.36 | 40.0 [4.5] |
43.29 ± 2.69 | 31.0 [6.0] |
30.0 [11.0] |
73.50 [11.0] |
69.94 ± 11.80 | 16.0 [3.0] |
16.0 [3.0] |
264.0 [23.75] |
263.0 [17.5] |
82.0 [3.5] |
81.0 [3.5] |
|
p (U-test) = 0.12 AUC = 0.63 |
p (U-test) = 0.021 AUC = 0.69 |
p (U-test) = 0.051 AUC = 0.66 |
p (U-test) = 0.009 AUC = 0.72 # |
p (U-test) = 0.83 AUC = 0.52 |
p (U-test) = 0.65 AUC = 0.54 |
p (U-test) = 0.97 AUC = 0.50 |
p (U-test) = 0.46 AUC = 0.56 |
p (U-test) = 0.14 AUC = 0.62 |
||||||||||
| Outer superior (OS) | 39.57 ± 5.56 | 38.0 [.8.0] |
36.0 [5.0] |
33.88 ± 3.66 | 29.0 [3.25] |
27.76 ± 2.61 | 31.83 ± 2.58 | 33.82 ± 2.83 | 25.0 [3.0] |
26.0 [3.0] |
61.45 ± 8.55 | 59.12 ± 6.70 | 14.0 [2.25] |
13.06 ± 1.30 | 225.5 [15.25] |
229.0 [19.0] |
80.00 ± 2.78 | 78.00 ± 2.47 |
|
p (U-test) = 0.50 AUC = 0.56 |
p (U-test) = 0.16 AUC = 0.62 |
p (U-test) = 0.13 AUC = 0.63 |
p (t-test) = 0.012 AUC = −0.69 # |
p (U-test) = 0.56 AUC = 0.55 # |
p (t-test) = 0.32 AUC = 0.58 |
p (U-test) = 0.18 AUC = 0.61 |
p (U-test) = 0.70 AUC = 0.53 |
p (t-test) = 0.013 AUC = 0.70 |
||||||||||
| Inner Temporal (IT) | 17.0 [3.0] |
17.06 ± 1.68 | 47.50 [6.5] |
44.0 [11.0] |
41.50 [4.25] |
40.0 [7.5] |
37.0 [5.0] |
40.47 ± 4.53 | 29.5 [5.0] |
31.0 [3.5] |
73.50 [9.0] |
71.35 ± 10.71 | 14.0 [3.0] |
15.0 [3.0] |
250.5 [21.0] |
246.0 [18.5] |
82.0 [4.25] |
80.94 ± 3.34 |
|
p (U-test) = 0.36 AUC = 0.57 |
p (U-test) = 0.020 AUC = 0.69 |
p (U-test) = 0.18 AUC = 0.61 |
p (U-test) = 0.017 AUC= 0.70 # |
p (U-test) = 0.28 AUC = 0.59 # |
p (U-test) = 0.32 AUC = 0.58 |
p (U-test) = 0.82 AUC = 0.52 |
p (U-test) = 0.20 AUC = 0.61 |
p (U-test) = 0.24 AUC = 0.60 |
||||||||||
| Outer Temporal (OT) | 19.0 [2.0] |
20.0 [3.5] |
37.5 [7.0] |
35.0 [6.5] |
32.50 [3.0] |
32.12 ± 3.59 | 33.50 [4.25] |
34.94 ± 2.08 | 26.5 [2.25.] |
28.65 ± 2.71 | 57.57 ± 7.36 | 54.94 ± 7.06 | 13.0 [1.0] |
12.24 ± 1.09 | 208.0 [15.25] |
207.0 [19.5] |
78.40 ± 2.67 | 77.06 ± 2.05 |
|
p (U-test) = 0.43 AUC= 0.56 # |
p (U-test) = 0.27 AUC = 0.59 |
p (U-test) = 0.57 AUC = 0.55 |
p (U-test) = 0.042 AUC = 0. 67 # |
p (U-test) = 0.020 AUC = 0. 69 # |
p (t-test) = 0.21 AUC = 0.60 |
p (U-test) = 0.27 AUC = 0.59 |
p (U-test) = 0.72 AUC = 0.53 # |
p (t-test) = 0.067 AUC = 0.65 |
||||||||||
| Inner Inferior (II) | 26.62 ± 4.36 | 24.76 ± 4.24 | 53.0 [6.0] |
50.0 [8.0] |
41.0 [4.0] |
39.0 [6.5] |
41.0 [4.0] |
45.47 ± 4.16 | 34.57 ± 8.54 | 37.47 ± 8.54 | 63.95 ± 11.69 | 61.12 ± 15.81 | 14.43 ± 1.65 | 14.29 ± 1.45 | 262.5 [19.5] |
259.0 [18.5] |
80.02 ± 2.78 | 79.41 ± 2.74 |
|
p (t-test) = 0.14 AUC = 0.64 |
p (U-test) = 0.014 AUC = 0.70 |
p (U-test) = 0.035 AUC = 0.67 |
p (U-test) = 0.001 AUC = 0 79 # |
p (t-test) = 0.24 AUC = 0.59 # |
p (t-test) = 0.51 AUC = 0.53 |
p (t-test) = 0.77 AUC = 0.52 |
p (U-test) = 0.20 AUC = 0.61 |
p (t-test) = 0.44 AUC = 0.56 |
||||||||||
| Outer Inferior (OI) | 41.07 ± 7.83 | 38.82 ± 9.19 | 31.50 [5.25] |
32.0 [4.0] |
26.0 [4.0] |
26.35 ± 2.32 | 31.0 [3.0] |
32.94 ± 2.11 | 27.0 [5.0] |
27.59 ± 2.55 | 50.83 ± 6.98 | 49.35 ± 7.75 | 12.50 [1.25] |
12.0 [2.0] |
208.5 [18.5] |
208.0 [15.5] |
76.95 ± 2.95 | 76.41 ± 2.87 |
|
p (t-test) = 0.35 AUC = 0.62 |
p (U-test) = 0.84 AUC = 0.52 # |
p (U-test) = 0.73 AUC = 0.53 |
p (U-test) = 0.004 AUC = 0.74 # |
p (U-test) = 0.29 AUC = 0.58 # |
p (t-test) = 0.48 AUC = 0.53 |
p (U-test) = 0.38 AUC = 0.57 |
p (U-test) = 0.79 AUC = 0.52 |
p (t-test) = 0.52 AUC = 0.54 |
||||||||||
Abbreviations: T-test: Student’s t test, U-test: Mann–Whitney U test, AUC: area under the receiver operation curve, #: the values in BD exceed the values of the controls. BD, bipolar disorder; C: controls; RNFL, retinal nerve fiber layer; GCL, ganglion cell layer; IPL, inner plexiform layer; INL, inner nuclear layer; OPL, outer plexiform layer; ONL, outer nuclear layer; RPE, retinal pigment epithelium; IRL, inner retinal layer; ORL, outer retinal layer.