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. 2021 Jul 23;11(8):557. doi: 10.3390/membranes11080557

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© 2021 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Plot of pH and zeta potential of polyelectrolyte (—) and substrate (---); ⚫, iso-electric point of polyelectrolyte; and ○, iso-electric point of substrate (adapted with permission from [196]).