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. 2021 Aug 23;9(8):196. doi: 10.3390/toxics9080196

Table 1.

Ecotoxicity of tested pharmaceuticals on aquatic organisms obtained from the present study and from the literature.

Pharmaceuticals/
Taxonomic Group		 Species Test Duration
/Endpoint		 Concentration (mg/L) Reference
Amoxicillin
Bacteria Vibrio fischeri 5 min, IC50 1320.0 Park and Choi [12]
Bacteria Vibrio fischeri 15 min, IC50 3597.0 Park and Choi [12]
Algae Microcystis aeruginosa 7 d, EC50 0.0037 Lützhøft et al. [40]
Algae Microcystis aeruginosa 7 d, EC50 0.00803 Liu et al. [1]
Algae Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata 7 d, NOEC 250 Lützhøft et al. [40]
Algae Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata 72 h, EC10 4.75 This study
Algae Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata 72 h, EC50 213.14 This study
Algae Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata 72 h, EC50 >1500 González-Pleiter et al. [38]
Algae Rhodomonas salina 7 d, EC50 3108 Lützhøft et al. [40]
Algae Synechococcus leopoliensis 96 h, EC50 0.00222 Andreozzi et al. [19]
Algae Synechococcus leopoliensis 96 h, NOEC 0.00078 Andreozzi et al. [19]
Algae Synechococcus leopoliensis 96 h, LOEC 0.00156 Andreozzi et al. [19]
Aquatic plant Lemna gibba 7 d, EC10 >1 Brain et al. [54]
Invertebrate Daphnia Magna 48 h, EC50 >1000 Park and Choi [12]
Invertebrate Daphnia Magna 48 h, EC50 >1000 This study
Invertebrate Daphnia Magna 21 d, survival NOEC >266 This study
Invertebrate Daphnia Magna 21 d, reproduction NOEC 27.2 This study
Invertebrate Daphnia Magna 21 d, growth NOEC 27.2 This study
Invertebrate Moina macrocopa 48 h, EC50 >1000 Park and Choi [12]
Invertebrate Moina macrocopa 48 h, EC50 >1000 This study
Invertebrate Moina macrocopa 7 d, survival NOEC >266 This study
Invertebrate Moina macrocopa 7 d, reproduction NOEC 2.05 This study
Fish Danio rerio 48 h, EC50 premature hatching 132.4 Oliveira et al. [42]
Fish Danio rerio 96 h, LC50 embryo, adult >100 Oliveira et al. [42]
Fish Oryzias latipes 96 h, LC50 >1000 Park and Choi [12]
Fish Oryzias latipes Hatchability NOEC 1.37 This study
Fish Oryzias latipes Time-to-hatch NOEC >38.9 This study
Fish Oryzias latipes 40 d, juvenile survival NOEC 21.8 This study
Fish Oryzias latipes 40 d, juvenile growth NOEC 21.8 This study
Fish Tilapia nilotica 96 h, LC50 0.03572 Yasser and Nabila [43]
Enrofloxacin
Bacteria Vibrio fischeri 5 min, IC50 272.25 Oh [48]
Bacteria Vibrio fischeri 15 min, IC50 306.35 Oh [48]
Bacteria Vibrio fischeri 5 min, IC50 425.0 Park and Choi [12]
Bacteria Vibrio fischeri 15 min, IC50 326.8 Park and Choi [12]
Bacteria Vibrio fischeri 5 min, EC50 >8.4 Hernandoet al. [55]
Bacteria Vibrio fischeri 15 min, EC50 >8.4 Hernando et al. [55]
Bacteria Vibrio fischeri 30 min, EC50 >8.4 Hernando et al. [55]
Algae Anabaena flos-aquae 72 h, EC50 0.173 Ebert et al. [20]
Algae Chlorella sp. 72 h, EC50 111 Andrieu et al. [21]
Algae Chlamydomonas mexicana 96 h, EC50 10.76 Xiong et al. [41]
Algae Chlorella vulgaris 96 h, EC50 12.2 Xiong et al. [46]
Algae Desmodesmus subspicatus 72 h, EC50 5.568 Ebert et al. [20]
Algae Microcystis aeruginosa 5 d, EC50 0.049 Robinson et al. [44]
Algae Micractinium resseri 96 h, EC50 12.03 Xiong et al. [46]
Algae Ourococcus mutipsorus 96 h, EC50 14.98 Xiong et al. [46]
Algae Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata 72 h, EC50 3.1 Robinson et al. [44]
Algae Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata 72 h, EC10 0.83 This study
Algae Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata 72 h, EC50 3.33 This study
Algae Scenedesmus obliquus 24 h, EC50 88.39 Qin et al. [45]
Algae Scenedesmus obliquus 48 h, EC50 63.86 Qin et al. [45]
Algae Scenedesmus obliquus 72 h, EC50 45.1 Qin et al. [45]
Algae Scenedesmus obliquus 96 h, EC50 59.16 Qin et al. [45]
Algae Scenedesmus obliquus 96 h, EC50 9.86 Xiong et al. [46]
Aquatic plant Lemna minor 7 d, EC50 0.114 Robinson et al. [44]
Aquatic plant Lemna minor 7 d, EC50 0.107 Ebert et al. [20]
Aquatic plant Myriophyllum spicatum 14 d, EC50 >44.3 Ebert et al. [20]
Invertebrate Daphnia curvirostris 48 h, EC50 4.33 Dalla Bona et al. [49]
Invertebrate Daphnia magna 24 h, EC50 26.75 Oh [48]
Invertebrate Daphnia magna 48 h, EC50 15.7 Oh [48]
Invertebrate Daphnia magna 24 h, EC50 131.7 Park and Choi [12]
Invertebrate Daphnia magna 48 h, EC50 56.7 Park and Choi [12]
Invertebrate Daphnia magna 48 h, EC50 (pH 7.4) 45.8 Kim et al. [47]
Invertebrate Daphnia magna 48 h, EC50 16.34 Dalla Bona et al. [49]
Invertebrate Daphnia magna 48 h, EC50 20.1 This study
Invertebrate Daphnia magna 21 d, survival, NOEC 5 Park and Choi [12]
Invertebrate Daphnia magna 21 d, reproduction, NOEC 5 Park and Choi [12]
Invertebrate Daphnia magna 21 d, survival, NOEC 3.33 This study
Invertebrate Daphnia magna 21 d, reproduction, NOEC 3.33 This study
Invertebrate Daphnia magna 21 d, growth NOEC 0.12 This study
Invertebrate Gammarus pulex 48 h, EC50 (pH7.0) 42.1 Sun et al. [50]
Invertebrate Gammarus pulex 96 h, EC50 (pH7.0) 15.6 Sun et al. [50]
Invertebrate Moina macrocopa 24 h, EC50 285.7 Park and Choi [12]
Invertebrate Moina macrocopa 48 h, EC50 >200 Park and Choi [12]
Invertebrate Moina macrocopa 48 h, EC50 69 Andrieu et al. [21]
Invertebrate Moina macrocopa 48 h, EC50 85.2 This study
Invertebrate Moina macrocopa 7 d, survival, NOEC 2.47 This study
Invertebrate Moina macrocopa 7 d, reproduction, NOEC >2.47 This study
Invertebrate Physella acuta 48 h, EC50 (pH 7.0) 133 Sun et al. [50]
Invertebrate Physella acuta 96 h, EC50 (pH 7.0) 122 Sun et al. [50]
Fish Oryzias latipes 96 h, EC50 >100 Park and Choi [12]
Fish Oryzias latipes 48 h, EC50 >100 Park and Choi [12]
Fish Oryzias latipes Hatchability, NOEC >11 This study
Fish Oryzias latipes Time-to-hatch, NOEC >11 This study
Fish Oryzias latipes 40 d, juvenile survival 3.2 This study
Fish Oryzias latipes 40 d, juvenile growth >3.2 This study
Neomycin
Bacteria Vibrio fischeri 5 min, IC50 >1000 Park and Choi [12]
Algae Anacystis nidulans 6 h, NOEC 0.2 Whitton [52]
Algae Microcystis aeruginosa 24 h, NOEC 0.1 Vance [51]
Algae Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata 72 h, EC10 4.28 This study
Algae Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata 72 h, EC50 4.60 This study
Aquatic plant Lemna gibba 7 d, EC10 >1.0 Brain et al. [54]
Invertebrate Daphnia magna 48 h, EC50 42.1 Park and Choi [12]
Invertebrate Daphnia magna 48 h, EC50 56.0 This study
Invertebrate Daphnia magna 21 d, NOEC 0.03 Park and Choi [12]
Invertebrate Daphnia magna 21 d, survival NOEC 1.5 This study
Invertebrate Daphnia magna 21 d, reproduction NOEC 0.15 This study
Invertebrate Daphnia magna 21 d, growth NOEC 0.15 This study
Invertebrate Moina macrocopa 48 h, EC50 34.1 Park and Choi [12]
Invertebrate Moina macrocopa 48 h, EC50 22.9 This study
Invertebrate Moina macrocopa 7 d, NOEC 0.5 Park and Choi [12]
Invertebrate Moina macrocopa 7 d, survival NOEC >5.3 This study
Invertebrate Moina macrocopa 7 d, reproduction NOEC >5.3 This study
Mollusks Crassostrea gigas 48 h, EC50 >800 US EPA, ECOTOX [53]
Fish Anguilla japonica LC50 2829 US EPA, ECOTOX [53]
Fish Oryzias latipes 96 h, LC50 80.8 Park and Choi [12]
Fish Oryzias latipes Hatchability NOEC 11 This study
Fish Oryzias latipes Time-to-hatch NOEC >100 This study
Fish Oryzias latipes 40 d, juvenile survival NOEC 0.87 This study
Fish Oryzias latipes 40 d, juvenile growth NOEC 11 This study

EC50, median effective concentration; IC50, median inhibitory concentration; NOEC, no observed effect concentration; LOEC, lowest observed effect concentration.