Table 1.
Occurrence of mycotoxins in grade A milk, pasteurized milk, and ultra-high-temperature (UHT) milk consumed in Pirassununga, SP, Brazil.
| Type A Milk (n = 32) | Pasteurized Milk (n = 4) | UHT Milk (n = 32) | Total (n = 68) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) | Mean (Range) (ng/L) |
n (%) | Mean (Range) (ng/L) |
n (%) | Mean (Range) (ng/L) |
n (%) | Mean (Range) (ng/L) |
|
| AFM1 | 4 (12.5) | 19 (15–21) | 1 (25) | 32 | 1 (3.1) | 227 | 6 (8.8) | 93 (15–227) |
| DOM-1 | 3 (9.4) | 386 (313–459) | 0 | <LOQ | 3 (9.4) | 448 (327–682) | 6 (8.8) | 417 (313–682) |
| OTA | 6 (18.7) | 78 (43–201) | 1 (25) | 73 | 10 (31.2) | 68 (43–148) | 17 (25) | 72 (43–201) |
| FB1 | 4 (12.5) | 1609 (1465–1734) | 2 (50) | 1775 (1595–1955) | 4 (12.5) | 1536 (1393–1705) | 10 (14.7) | 1613 (1393–1955) |
| FB2 | 2 (6.3) | 481 (464–499) | 1 (25) | 1297 | 0 | <LOQ | 3 (4.4) | 753 (464–1297) |
| α-ZEL | 15 (46.9) | 608 (416–966) | 1 (25) | 679 | 23 (71.9) | 612 (334–936) | 39 (57.4) | 612 (334–966) |
| β-ZEL | 16 (50) | 1514 (445–3146) | 1 (25) | 2326 | 11 (34.4) | 0.982 (332–1949) | 28 (41.2) | 1334 (332–3146) |
n: Number of samples containing levels higher than the limit of quantification (LOQ). See Section 5.2 for the LOQ of each mycotoxin. LOQ: Limit of quantification; AFM1: aflatoxin M1; DOM-1: de-epoxy-deoxynivalenol; OTA: ochratoxin A; FB: fumonisin; α-ZEL: α-zearalenol; β-ZEL: β-zearalenol.