Table 4.
The analysis regarding the most contributing countries in the field of industrial effluent and sludge toxicity during the period of 1951 to 2020 via utilization of CiteSpace software. As can be observed in this table, India and the USA, with the total portion of 14.55% and 9.83%, respectively, have contributed the most in publishing scientific documents in the field of toxicity analysis of industrial effluents from the numeric perspective. Moreover, by comparing the corresponding population ratio, Canada has shown a more productive behavior in publishing the scientometric publications in this regard.
| Rating | Country | Record Count (No.) | Portion (%) | Population Ratio to the Amount of Executed Research (Million People/Study) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | India | 151 | 14.55% | 9.18 |
| 2 | USA | 102 | 9.83% | 3.24 |
| 3 | Canada | 91 | 8.77% | 0.42 |
| 4 | Brazil | 72 | 6.94% | 2.95 |
| 5 | Spain | 47 | 4.53% | 0.99 |
| 6 | China | 43 | 4.14% | 33.47 |
| 7 | Italy | 39 | 3.76% | 1.55 |
| 8 | Germany | 36 | 3.47% | 2.33 |
| 9 | Turkey | 34 | 3.28% | 2.49 |
| 10 | France | 33 | 3.18% | 1.98 |