Table 1.
General maternal characteristics and obstetric outcomes for the total study population and subgroups active COVID-19 and resolved COVID-19 at time of giving birth.
| Total (n = 36) | Active COVID-19 (n = 17) | Resolved COVID-19 (n = 19) | p-Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years, mean (±SD) | 33.5 (±5.1) | 34.4 (±4.5) | 32.8 (±5.7) | 0.38 |
| Primigravida, n = 35 (%) | 9 (25.0) | 6 (35.5) | 3 (15.8) | 0.21 |
| Pre-pregnancy BMI, kg/m2, n = 32, median (IQR) | 28.8 (10.4) | 31.6 (12.5) | 26.4 (9.5) | 0.12 |
| Geographic origin, n (%) | ||||
| Caucasian | 10 (27.8) | 4 (23.5) | 6 (31.6) | 0.59 |
| North African | 5 (13.9) | 2 (11.8) | 3 (15.8) | 0.73 |
| Turkish | 4 (11.1) | 2 (11.8) | 2 (10.5) | 0.91 |
| Other African | 3 (8.3) | 1 (5.9) | 2 (10.5) | 0.62 |
| Hispanic | 2 (5.6) | 1 (5.9) | 1 (5.3) | 0.94 |
| Asian | 2 (5.6 | 1 (5.9) | 1 (5.3) | 0.94 |
| Other | 6 (16.7) | 4 (23.5) | 2 (10.5) | 0.3 |
| Unknown | 4 (11.1) | 2 (11.8) | 2 (10.5) | 0.91 |
| Comorbidities, n = 34 (%) | ||||
| Autoimmune disease | 3 (8.3) | 1 (5.9) | 2 (10.5) | 0.88 |
| Pulmonary disease | 0 (0.0) | - | - | - |
| (Gestational) Diabetes | 6 (16.7) | 5 (29.4) | 1 (5.3) | 0.15 |
| Hypertensive disorders | 2 (5.6) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (10.5) | 0.39 |
| Periconceptional smoking, n = 25 (%) | 3 (8.3) | 2 (11.8) | 1 (5.3) | 0.68 |
| Singleton pregnancy, n (%) | 33 (91.7) | 16 (94.1) | 17 (89.5) | 0.62 |
| GA (in days) at diagnosis, median (IQR) | 237.5 (58) | 234 (50) | 241 (53) | 0.05 |
| Trimester at diagnosis, n (%) | ||||
| First trimester | 1 (2.8) | 0 (0) | 1 (5.3) | 0.34 |
| Second trimester | 4 (11.1) | 1 (5.9) | 3 (15.8) | 0.35 |
| Third trimester | 31 (86.1) | 16 (94.1) | 15 (78.9) | 0.19 |
| Admission during pregnancy, n (%) | 14 (38.9) | 9 (52.3) | 5 (26.3) | 0.1 |
| COVID-19 related | 8 (22.2) | 5 (29.4) | 3 (15.8)) | 0.33 |
| Respiratory failure | 7 (19.4) | 5 (29.4) | 2 (10.5) | |
| Vomiting | 1 (2.8) | 0 (0) | 1 (5.3) | |
| Non-COVID-19 related | 6 (16.7) | 4 (23.5) | 2 (10.5) | 0.3 |
| GA at delivery (days) median (IQR) | 269.5 (39) | 243 (48) | 271 (9) | 0.04 |
| Confirmed diagnosis to delivery (days) median (IQR) | 19.5 (33) | 4 (7) | 35 (52) | 0.00 |
| Preterm delivery, n (%) | 11 (30.6) | 9 (52.9) | 2 (10.5) | 0.01 |
| Spontaneous labour | 1 (2.8) | 0 (0) | 1 (5.3) | 0.03 |
| Labour by induction | 10 (27.8) | 9 (52.9) | 1 (5.3) | 0.03 |
| Mode of delivery, n (%) | ||||
| Vaginal spontaneous | 13 (36.1) | 4 (23.5) | 9 (47.4) | 0.14 |
| Vaginal instrumental | 1 (2.8) | 0 (0) | 1 (5.3) | 0.34 |
| Caesarean Section | 22 (61.2) | 13 (76.5) | 9 (47.4) | 0.07 |
| Type of caesarean section, n (%) | ||||
| Elective | 10 (27.8) | 3 (17.6) | 8 (42.1) | 0.19 |
| Emergency | 12 (32.3) | 10 (58.8) | 2 (10.5) | 0.002 |
| Indication for caesarean section, n (%) | ||||
| Elective | ||||
| Breech position | 3 (8.3) | 1 (5.9) | 2 (10.5) | 0.33 |
| Repeat caesarean section | 4 (11.1) | 2 (11.8) | 2 (10.5) | 0.68 |
| Other | 2 (5.6) | 0 (0) | 2 (10.5) | 0.08 |
| Unknown | 1 (2.8) | 0 (0) | 1 (5.3) | 0.22 |
| Emergency | ||||
| Foetal distress | 7 (19.4) | 5 (29.4) | 2 (10.5) | 0.42 |
| Maternal condition | 5 (13.9) | 5 (29.4) | 0 (0) | 0.03 |
Data are presented as mean and standard deviation (SD), median and interquartile range (IQR) or number (n) and percentage (%). BMI, body mass index in kilograms/square meter; GA, gestational age; n, number; %, percentage.