Figure 4.

Polymeric nanoparticles regulate the lymphatic system to activate DCs to facilitate CD8+ T-cells in the tumor microenvironments (TMEs) to enhance the anti-tumor immune response. The activation of immune-related cytokines regulates various cell-death-associated functions of dying tumor cells by capturing the delivered nanoparticles from TMEs, which further mediates the ICD. The T-cell-mediated immune activation triggers the cancer cell apoptosis in TMEs. (Images were created with the help of BioRender.com, accessed on 15 August 2021).