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Norovirus transmission. Transmission routes of human noroviruses (solid arrows) and animal noroviruses (dashed arrows) are shown. Unconfirmed transmission is indicated by a question mark. The dashed arrow indicating transmission between domestic/wild animals denotes species-specific transmission; the question mark accompanying it indicates putative interspecies transmission. Adapted from Mathijs et al., 2012 [220] and Ludwig-Begall et al., 2018 [182].
