Table 1.
Summary of the squamous cell papillomas in the upper aero-digestive tract.
| Characteristic | Sinonasal Papillomas: Inverted/Exophytic/Oncocytic |
Oral Papillomas |
Laryngeal Papillomas |
Esophageal Papillomas |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Frequency Proportion among sinonasal suptypes |
Sinonasal overall 0.74–2.3/100,000 children extremely low incidence SNIP 65–70% SNEP 20–25% SNOP 3–6% |
children common, but prevalence unknown adults 0.5/100,000 |
children 0.6–4.3/100,000 adults 1.8–2.3/100,000 |
children 0.08% adults 0.01–0.45% |
| Common location | SNIP nasal cavity and maxillary sinus SNEP lower anterior nasal septum SNOP lateral nasal wall |
tongue, gingiva, under lip (oropharynx: soft palate, uvula, tonsil) |
vocal cords and ventricles, false cords | proximal esophagus |
| Male to female ratio | children 3:1 SNIP 2.5–3:1 SNEP 2–10:1 SNOP 1:15 |
1:1 | children 1:1 adults 3:2 |
children 1:2.3 adults 5:2 to 1:5 |
| Age at presentation |
children 6–15 years adults: SNIP 50–60 years SNEP 30–50 years SNOP > 50 years |
children adults 30–50 years |
JO-RRP < 5–8 years AO-RRP 20–40 years |
children 2–17 years adults 40–50 years |
| Prevalence of HPV | SNIP 25–39% SNEP 65.3% SNOP 22.5% |
overall 27–48% HPV+ samples: 48% alpha-HPV 23% gamma-HPV |
76%-93.7% | 10.5–57% |
| Mucosal Alpha HPVs low-risk high risk |
HPV6, 11, 42 HPV16, 58, 83 |
HPV6, HPV11 HPV16, 18, 35, 51, 74 |
HPV6, 11 HPV16,18, 31, 33, 35, HPV45, 55, 70, 76, 84 |
HPV6 HPV16,18, 31, 81 |
| Cutaneous HPV beta-HPV gamma-HPV |
NA | HPV5, HPV12, HPV22, HPV23, HPV120 HPV121, HPV123, HPV130, HPV131, HPV161 |
HPV8 NA |
NA |
| Recurrence | SNIP 25–30% SNEP 22–50% SNOP 39% |
unusual approx. 4.1% |
aggressive course in 20% of JO-RRP, distal spread 5–48% | NA |
| Risk of malignant transformation | incidence 0.38/106 SNIP 7–11% SNEP SNOP |
no evidence | JO-RRP < 1% AO-RRP 3–6% |
rare |