Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of Participants with or without END
| Variables | Total (n = 498) | With END (n = 132) | Without END (n = 366) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 66.0 (54.0–76.0) | 65.5 (54.0–76.0) | 66.0 (54.8–76.0) | 0.796 |
| Gender, Male, n (%) | 322 (64.7) | 92 (69.7) | 230 (62.8) | 0.158 |
| Medical history, n (%) | ||||
| Hypertension | 388 (77.9) | 106 (80.3) | 282 (77.0) | 0.440 |
| Diabetes | 106 (21.3) | 28 (21.2) | 78 (21.3) | 0.981 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 150 (30.1) | 42 (31.8) | 108 (29.5) | 0.620 |
| Coronary heart disease | 39 (7.8) | 11 (8.3) | 28 (7.7) | 0.802 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 16 (3.2) | 2 (1.5) | 14 (3.8) | 0.197 |
| Prior stroke | 152 (30.5) | 43 (32.6) | 109 (29.8) | 0.550 |
| Smoking | 127 (25.5) | 37 (28.0) | 90 (24.6) | 0.437 |
| Drinking | 114 (22.9) | 33 (25.0) | 81 (22.1) | 0.501 |
| Medication history, n (%) | ||||
| Antihypertensive | 221 (44.4) | 66 (50.0) | 155 (42.3) | 0.129 |
| Antiplatelet | 105 (21.1) | 34 (25.8) | 71 (19.4) | 0.125 |
| Anticoagulant | 3 (0.6) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (0.8) | 0.569 |
| Statin | 88 (17.7) | 29 (22.0) | 59 (16.1) | 0.131 |
| Hematoma location, n (%) | ||||
| Lobe | 54 (10.8) | 16 (12.1) | 38 (10.4) | 0.582 |
| Basal ganglia | 274 (55.0) | 73 (55.3) | 201 (54.9) | 0.939 |
| Thalamus | 114 (22.9) | 34 (25.8) | 80 (21.9) | 0.361 |
| Cerebellum | 39 (7.8) | 6 (4.5) | 33 (9.0) | 0.101 |
| Brainstem | 17 (3.4) | 4 (3.0) | 13 (3.6) | 1.000 |
| Concurrent ventricular hemorrhage, n (%) | 112 (22.5) | 40 (30.3) | 72 (19.7) | 0.012 |
| Baseline hematoma volume, mL | 12 (8–18) | 15 (12–21) | 11 (7–16) | <0.001 |
| Hematoma expansion, n (%) | 79 (15.9) | 31 (23.5) | 48 (13.1) | 0.005 |
| Clinical characteristics | ||||
| Body temperature, °C | 36.6 (36.4–36.8) | 36.6 (36.5–36.8) | 36.5 (36.3–36.8) | 0.243 |
| Time from onset to admission, h | 3.5 (2.0–6.0) | 3.0 (2.0–7.8) | 3.5 (2.0–6.0) | 0.918 |
| Time from onset to first CT, h | 3.4 (2.3–6.4) | 3.4 (2.4–7.2) | 3.5 (2.3–5.5) | 0.837 |
| Baseline SBP, mmHg | 165 (150–183) | 170 (150–190) | 164 (149–180) | 0.189 |
| Baseline DBP, mmHg | 100 (88–110) | 100 (90–110) | 100 (86–110) | 0.104 |
| Baseline GCS score | 15 (14–15) | 15 (14–15) | 15 (15–15) | <0.001 |
| Baseline CSS score | 7.0 (5.0–8.0) | 6.5 (5.0–7.5) | 7.0 (5.0–8.0) | 0.003 |
| Laboratory data | ||||
| Leukocyte, ×109/L | 7.48 (5.92–9.34) | 7.92 (6.54–9.46) | 7.39 (5.69–9.30) | 0.087 |
| Neutrophil, ×109/L | 5.45 (4.00–7.32) | 5.94 (4.56–7.28) | 5.34 (3.89–7.39) | 0.068 |
| Hemoglobin, g/L | 129 (119–142) | 131 (120–143) | 129 (119–142) | 0.235 |
| C-reactive protein, mg/L | 2.0 (0.9–4.0) | 2.0 (1.0–4.0) | 2.0 (0.9–4.9) | 0.503 |
| Plasma fibrinogen, g/L | 2.80 (2.35–3.31) | 2.77 (2.33–3.16) | 2.82 (2.39–3.35) | 0.235 |
| Homocysteine, µmol/L | 12.4 (9.0–16.5) | 14.1 (10.0–18.2) | 12.2 (8.8–16.0) | 0.030 |
| Total cholesterol, mmol/L | 4.1 (3.5–4.9) | 4.1 (3.3–5.0) | 4.1 (3.5–4.8) | 0.931 |
| Triglyceride, mmol/L | 1.3 (0.9–1.8) | 1.3 (1.0–2.1) | 1.3 (0.9–1.7) | 0.134 |
| HDL, mg/dL | 1.2 (0.9–1.4) | 1.2 (1.0–1.4) | 1.2 (0.9–1.4) | 0.965 |
| LDL, mg/dL | 2.6 (2.1–3.1) | 2.6 (2.0–3.0) | 2.5 (2.1–3.1) | 0.920 |
| Serum glucose, mmol/L | 5.5 (4.8–6.7) | 5.6 (4.8–6.9) | 5.5 (4.8–6.7) | 0.607 |
| Blood urea nitrogen, mmol/L | 4.8 (3.9–5.8) | 4.8 (4.0–5.9) | 4.8 (3.9–5.7) | 0.503 |
| Creatinine, µmol/L | 88 (76–98) | 91 (77–105) | 86 (76–96) | 0.007 |
| UA, µmol/L | 281 (224–349) | 332 (245–408) | 270 (220–328) | <0.001 |
Abbreviations: CSS, Canadian Stroke Scale; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; END, early neurological deterioration; GCS, Glasgow Coma Scale; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; SBP, systolic blood pressure; UA, uric acid.