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. 2021 Apr 9;12(9):680–694. doi: 10.1007/s13238-021-00839-6

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Death domain-mediated inflammasome signaling and regulation. (A) Domain organization of inflammasome components. (B) Cryo-EM structure of the AIM2 PYD filament (PDB ID: 6MB2). (C) Cryo-EM structure of the ASC PYD filament (PDB ID: 3J63) and cryo-electron tomography (cryo-ET) structure (PDB ID: 5AJ2) of the NAIP/NLRC4 inflammasome reveal helical assembly of PYD and CARD. (D) A model of NLRP inflammasome assembly mediated by PYD-PYD interaction between NLRP and ASC and CARD-CARD interaction between ASC and caspase-1. (E) Mechanisms of INCA and ICEBERG as inhibitors of CARD helical assembly during inflammasome activation