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. 2021 Mar 15;23(10):1771–1778. doi: 10.1093/ntr/ntab046

Table 2.

Odds Ratio (OR) and 95% Confidence Interval (CI) for the Natural Direct, Natural Indirect, and Total Effects of Depressive Symptoms On Daily/Weekly Cigarette Smoking Considering Mediation by Friends Smoking (Imputed Data)

Young Adolescents
(Age 13–14)
(n = 1189)
Mid Adolescents
(Age 15–16)
(n = 1107)
Older Adolescents
(Age 17–18)
(n = 1075)
Young Adults
(Age 18–21)
(n = 4482)
Effects OR (95% CI) OR (95% CI) OR (95% CI) OR (95% CI)
NDE 1.06 (0.85, 1.32) 1.13 (0.91, 1.39) 1.09 (0.88, 1.35) 1.37 (1.28, 1.49)
NIE 1.09 (1.01, 1.17) 1.10 (1.03, 1.18) 1.02 (0.95, 1.10) 1.03 (0.85, 1.05)
TE 1.15 (0.94, 1.41) 1.24 (1.01, 1.53) 1.12 (0.89, 1.39) 1.35 (1.28, 1.42)

NDE = natural direct effect, NIE = natural indirect effect, TE = total effect, CI = confidence intervals. Models are adjusted for age, sex, household smoking, alcohol, physical activity, mother’s education (NDIT), social class of mother (ALSPAC).