Table 1.
Comparison of Baseline Clinical Characteristics and Echocardiographic Data According to the Presence of Stroke
| Total (n=2461) | No stroke (n=2361) | Stroke (n=100) | P Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male sex, % | 1311 (53.3%) | 1262 (53.5%) | 49 (49.0%) | 0.414 |
| Age, y | 69.7±14.4 | 69.6±14.5 | 71.3±12.4 | 0.188 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 23.3±4.1 | 23.3±4.1 | 23.7±4.2 | 0.323 |
| New York Heart Association functional class IV, % | 840 (34.1%) | 800 (33.9%) | 40 (40.0%) | 0.138 |
| Physical examination | ||||
| Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 129.4±27.2 | 129.2±27.3 | 132.8±24 | 0.198 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 74.0±16.2 | 74±16.3 | 74.9±13.7 | 0.583 |
| Heart rate, bpm | 84.8±21.7 | 84.9±21.7 | 84.2±19.9 | 0.765 |
| Past medical history | ||||
| Hypertension, % | 1399 (56.8%) | 1337 (56.6%) | 62 (62.0%) | 0.304 |
| Diabetes mellitus, % | 912 (37.1%) | 867 (36.7%) | 45 (45.0%) | 0.112 |
| Ischemic heart disease, % | 912 (37.1%) | 871 (36.9%) | 41 (41.0%) | 0.400 |
| Laboratory findings | ||||
| Total cholesterol, mg/dL | 158.9±44.8 | 159±44.9 | 156.5±43.1 | 0.593 |
| Triglyceride, mg/dL | 114.9±75.9 | 114.9±76.4 | 115.3±64.6 | 0.966 |
| High‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol, mg/dL | 43.4±13.3 | 43.4±13.4 | 42.7±11.6 | 0.668 |
| Hemoglobin, g/dL | 12.0±2.3 | 12.0±2.3 | 12.1±2.2 | 0.603 |
| Serum urea nitrogen, mg/dL | 25.8±16.8 | 25.8±16.9 | 25.4±14.9 | 0.819 |
| Creatinine, mg/dL | 1.7±2.0 | 1.7±2.0 | 1.9±2.5 | 0.361 |
| Glucose, mg/dL | 155.1±77.4 | 154.8±77.3 | 162.4±79.1 | 0.347 |
| Echocardiographic findings | ||||
| LV end‐diastolic dimension, mm | 54.1±9.6 | 54.0±9.6 | 56.0±10.1 | 0.044 |
| LV end‐systolic dimension, mm | 41.8±11.9 | 41.8±11.8 | 43.2±13.5 | 0.273 |
| LV end‐diastolic volume, mL | 130.4±66.2 | 129.9±65.7 | 144.1±76.9 | 0.107 |
| LV end‐systolic volume, mL | 86.4±57.8 | 86.0±57.2 | 98.3±69.3 | 0.119 |
| LVEF, % | 39.1±15.6 | 39.1±15.6 | 38.2±16.5 | 0.564 |
| LA diameter, mm | 42.5±8.1 | 42.4±8.1 | 44.2±8.6 | 0.031 |
| LA volume index, mL/m2 | 50.1±25 | 49.8±24.8 | 56.6±29.8 | 0.059 |
| Mitral E/Eʹ ratio | 18.8±11.1 | 18.9±11.2 | 18.4±9.3 | 0.739 |
| Tricuspid regurgitation velocity, m/s | 3.0±0.6 | 3.0±0.6 | 3.0±0.7 | 0.735 |
| LA global peak systolic longitudinal strain, % | 17.2±10.4 | 17.3±10.5 | 14.5±8.8 | 0.010 |
| Phenotype of HF, % | 0.647 | |||
| HF with reduced EF, % | 1437 (58.4%) | 1377 (58.3%) | 60 (60.0%) | |
| HF with midrange EF, % | 342 (14.2%) | 331 (14.3%) | 11 (11.0%) | |
| HF with preserved EF, % | 682 (28.3%) | 653 (28.2%) | 29 (29.0%) | |
| New‐onset atrial fibrillation, % | 397 (16.1%) | 365 (15.5%) | 32 (32.0%) | <0.001 |
EF indicates ejection fraction; HF, heart failure; LA, left atrial; and LV, left ventricular.