Table 5.

Risk of Recurrent Ischemic Stroke in Patients with CHD Compared With Controls

	No. of Recurrent Events, CHD/Controls	HR (95% CI), Unadjusted	HR (95% CI), Adjusted, Model 1	HR (95% CI), Adjusted, Model 2
All CHD	188/539	0.66 (0.56–0.78)	0.89 (0.74–1.05)	0.82 (0.68–0.98)
Lesion group 1*	10/24	0.71 (0.34–1.50)	1.28 (0.53–3.09)	1.49 (0.58–3.78)
Lesion group 2†	10/33	0.49 (0.24–1.00)	0.55 (0.26–1.18)	0.45 (0.20–1.00)
Lesion group 3‡	8/26	0.68 (0.30–1.54)	0.80 (0.34–1.89)	0.58 (0.23–1.41)
Lesion group 4§	14/55	0.67 (0.37–1.21)	1.10 (0.59–2.04)	1.13 (0.60–2.13)
Lesion group 5||	107/254	0.56 (0.45–0.71)	0.74 (0.58–0.95)	0.68 (0.53–0.87)
Lesion group 6#	39/147	0.87 (0.61–1.24)	1.21 (0.84–1.75)	1.12 (0.77–1.63)

Control population as reference group.

Model 1: Adjusted for age at index ischemic stroke, sex, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and hyperlipidemia.

Model 2: Adjusted for age at index ischemic stroke, sex, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, atrial fibrillation, heart failure, and myocardial infarction.

CHD indicates congenital heart disease; and HR, hazard ratio.

^*Lesion group 1 was defined as conotruncal defects (aortopulmonary septal defect, common arterial trunk, tetralogy of Fallot, transposition of the great arteries [unrepaired lesions and surgically repaired], double‐outlet right ventricle, double‐outlet left ventricle, congenitally corrected transposition/discordant atrioventricular, and ventriculoatrial connection).

^† Lesion group 2 was defined as severe non‐conotruncal defects (endocardial cushion defect/atrioventricular septal defect, common ventricle, and hypoplastic left heart syndrome). This group contains univentricular heart defects.

^‡ Lesion group 3 was defined as coarctation of the aorta.

^§ Lesion group 4 was defined as ventricular septal defect.

^|| Lesion group 5 was defined as atrial septal defect.

^# Lesion group 6 was defined as all other heart and circulatory system anomalies that were not included in the other lesion groups.