Table 4.

Missingness and bias associated with EDT time data abstracted from the EMR compared to data abstracted from TVR. P values are for McNemar’s test for paired dichotomous data.

Procedural milestone	% Bias vs. TVR Median (IQR)	Timing data absent in EMR N (%)	Timing data absent in TVR N (%)	p
Skin incision (n = 44)	14.5 (5.8–18.9)	30 (68%)	0 (0%)	<0.001
Retractor deployment (n = 44)	28.0 (14.5–110.5)	40 (91%)	0 (0%)	<0.001
Right chest decompression (n = 37)	17.1 (10.5–72.5)	32 (86%)	1 (3%)	<0.001
Pericardiotomy (n = 42)	10.8 (10.8–10.8)	41 (98%)	0 (0%)	<0.001
Aortic cross clamp (n = 40)	10.7 (6.3–31.9)	19 (48%)	1 (3%)	<0.001