Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the study population in the screening phase
| Characteristic | Total (n = 60) | NCAD (n = 30) | Stable CAD (n = 30) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (year) | 64.6 ± 10.7 | 63.8 ± 11.1 | 65.3 ± 10.4 | 0.584 |
| Gender (no.; %) | 0.542 | |||
| Female | 14 (23.3%) | 8 (26.7%) | 6 (20.0%) | |
| Male | 46 (76.7%) | 22 (73.3%) | 24 (80.0%) | |
| Cardiovascular risk factors (%) | ||||
| Arterial hypertension | 44 (73.3%) | 23 (76.7%) | 21 (70.0%) | 0.559 |
| Hyperlipoproteinemia | 23 (38.3%) | 11 (36.7%) | 12 (40.0%) | 0.791 |
| Family history | 13 (21.7%) | 9 (30.0%) | 4 (13.3%) | 0.117 |
| Diabetes | 21 (35.0%) | 11 (55.0%) | 10 (33.3%) | 0.524 |
| Smoking | 17 (28.3%) | 7 (23.3%) | 10 (33.3%) | 0.390 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 27.4 ± 3.9 | 27.2 ± 4.6 | 27.7 ± 3.0 | 0.655 |
| Medical history (%) | ||||
| Previous bypass | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 1.000 |
| Previous MI (6 months) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 1.000 |
| Previous stroke | 2 (3.3%) | 2 (6.7%) | 0 (0%) | 0.150 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 2 (3.3%) | 1 (3.3%) | 1 (3.3%) | 1.000 |
| PCI | ||||
| Previous | 36 (60%) | 18 (43.3%) | 23 (76.7%) | 0.008 |
| Coronary artery disease (no.; %) | 0.001 | |||
| 1 vessel | 3 (5.0%) | 0 (0%) | 3 (10.0%) | |
| 2 vessels | 12 (20.0%) | 0 (0%) | 12 (40.0%) | |
| 3 vessels | 13 (21.7%) | 0 (0%) | 13 (43.3%) | |
| Medication on administration (no.; %) | ||||
| ACE inhibitors | 42 (70.0%) | 18 (60.0%) | 24 (80.0%) | 0.091 |
| Angiotensin receptor blockers | 11 (18.3%) | 5 (16.7%) | 6 (20.0%) | 0.739 |
| Beta blockers | 51 (85.0%) | 25 (83.3%) | 26 (86.7%) | 0.718 |
| Calcium channel blockers | 10 (16.7%) | 5 (16.7%) | 5 (16.7%) | 1.000 |
| Diuretics | 24 (40.0%) | 13 (43.3%) | 11 (36.7%) | 0.598 |
| Statins | 48 (80.0%) | 20 (66.7%) | 28 (93.3%) | 0.010 |
| Nitrates | 4 (6.7%) | 2 (6.7%) | 2 (6.7%) | 1.000 |
| Aspirin | 47 (78.3%) | 19 (63.3%) | 28 (93.3%) | 0.005 |
| Clopidogrel | 10 (16.7%) | 0 (0%) | 10 (33.3%) | 0.001 |
| Laboratory parameters | ||||
| Glucose | 120.7 ± 60.3 | 116.3 ± 37.2 | 125.2 ± 77.8 | 0.583 |
| Hb A1c (%) | 6.8 ± 3.9 | 6.1 ± 0.7 | 7.5 ± 5.4 | 0.179 |
| Serum creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.0 ± 0.3 | 1.0 ± 0.4 | 1.0 ± 5.4 | 0.637 |
| Glomerular filtration rate (mL/min) | 65.6 ± 10.3 | 65.4 ± 11.1 | 65.7 ± 9.5 | 0.913 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 131.2 ± 76.3 | 120.5 ± 48.7 | 142.2 ± 96.7 | 0.278 |
| Cholesterol (mg/dL) | 176.6 ± 49.4 | 186.5 ± 54.0 | 166.6 ± 42.9 | 0.121 |
| HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 50.5 ± 14.9 | 55.1 ± 16.4 | 40.6 ± 11.8 | 0.016 |
| LDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 106.0 ± 35.2 | 110.3 ± 39.5 | 101.7 ± 31.3 | 0.349 |
| C-reactive protein (mg/L) | 5.9 ± 10.8 | 5.3 ± 9.4 | 6.5 ± 12.3 | 0.665 |
| Leukocytes (109/L) | 7.3 ± 2.1 | 7.2 ± 1.9 | 7.5 ± 2.3 | 0.600 |
Continuous variables are presented as the mean ± SD, and categorical variables are presented as the percentage of patients. NCAD, non-coronary artery disease; stable CAD, stable coronary artery disease; MI, myocardial infarction; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; ACE, angiotensin-converting enzyme; Hb A1c, hemoglobin A1c; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; HDL, high-density lipoprotein. Chronic kidney disease was defined as a glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min.