Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of ICI patients overall and by CVAE type (MarketScan database, 2011-2018)
| Baseline characteristic at or before the index date | ICI cohort (N = 12,187) | Stroke (N = 564) | Atrial fibrillation (N = 250) | Heart failure (N = 425) | Conduction disorder (N = 184) | Myocardial Infarction (N = 112) | Myocarditis (N = 6) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, median (IQR) | 61 (55-69) | 60 (52-66.25) | 64 (58.25-76) | 64 (58-75) | 62 (56-72) | 64 (60-74) | 50.5 (37.75-61.0) |
| Males, no. (%) | 7113 (58.37) | 357 (63.29) | 162 (64.8) | 249 (58.58) | 115 (62.5) | 80 (71.42) | 1 (16.66) |
| Females, no. (%) | 5074 (41.63) | 207 (36.70) | 88 (35.2) | 176 (41.42) | 69 (37.5) | 32 (28.57) | 5 (83.33) |
| NCI comorbidity score, median (IQR) | 2.09 (1.3-4.37) | 2.09 (0.0-3.62) | 2.73 (1.34-4.80) | 3.34 (1.69-5.38) | 3.24 (1.60-5.15) | 3.75 (1.69-6.02) | 1.89 (1.69-2.09) |
| Days to CVAE, median (IQR) | N/A | 135.5 (52.5-285.5) | 101 (42.0-229.5) | 123 (50.0-266.0) | 145 (48.75-340.75) | 124 (36.0-252.0) | 116.5 (52.0-136.0) |
| CVAE hospitalization rate, no. (%) | N/A | 474 (84.04) | 199 (79.6) | 363 (85.41) | 159 (86.41) | 102 (91.07) | 5 (83.33) |
| ICI doses before onset of CVAE, median (IQR) | N/A | 4 (2-6) | 3 (1.25-5) | 4 (2-6) | 4 (2-8) | 3 (2-6) | 3.5 (1.5-5.5) |
| Comorbidities, no. (%) | |||||||
| History of acute myocardial infarction | 664 (5.45) | 22 (3.9) | 12 (4.8) | 41 (9.65) | 12 (6.52) | 9 (8.04) | 0 (0) |
| History of cerebrovascular disease | 287 (2.35) | 9 (1.6) | 6 (2.4) | 13 (3.06) | 5 (2.72) | 6 (5.36) | 0 (0) |
| History of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 5337 (43.79) | 195 (34.57) | 120 (48.0) | 218 (51.29) | 78 (42.39) | 64 (57.14) | 3 (50.0) |
| History of congestive heart failure | 1340 (11.0) | 42 (7.45) | 31 (12.4) | 26 (6.12) | 33 (17.93) | 28 (25) | 0 (0) |
| History of dementia | 185 (1.52) | 11 (1.95) | 1 (0.4) | 6 (1.41) | 4 (2.17) | 2 (1.79) | 0 (0) |
| History of diabetes | 3099 (25.42) | 128 (22.70) | 76 (30.4) | 163 (38.35) | 55 (29.89) | 47 (41.96) | 1 (16.67) |
| ICI type, no. (%) | |||||||
| Anti-CTLA-4 + anti-PD-1 combo as first ICI | 747 (6.13) | 46 (8.16) | 8 (3.2) | 29 (6.82) | 14 (7.61) | 3 (2.68) | 2 (33.33) |
| Anti-CTLA-4 monotherapy as first ICI | 2001 (16.42) | 201 (35.46) | 62 (24.8) | 77 (18.12) | 41 (22.28) | 24 (21.43) | 1 (16.67) |
| Anti-PD-1 monotherapy as first ICI | 8875 (72.82) | 298 (52.84) | 163 (65.2) | 304 (71.53) | 120 (65.22) | 81 (75.32) | 3 (50) |
| Anti-PD-L1 monotherapy as first ICI | 564 (4.63) | 19 (3.37) | 17 (6.8) | 15 (3.53) | 9 (4.89) | 4 (3.57) | 0 (0) |
| Received radiation before onset of CVAE, no. (%) | 4626 (37.96) | 271 (48.04) | 82 (32.8) | 143 (33.65) | 69 (37.5) | 34 (30.35) | 1 (16.66) |
| Received chemotherapy before first ICI, no. (%) | 5333 (43.76) | 184 (32.62) | 110 (44.0) | 190 (44.70) | 72 (39.13) | 55 (49.10) | 1 (16.66) |
| Received targeted agent therapy before first ICI, no. (%) | 2666 (21.87) | 108 (19.14) | 41 (16.4) | 100 (23.53) | 41 (22.28) | 25 (22.32) | 0 (0) |
| Received chemotherapy after ICI, no. (%) | 2316 (19.0) | 89 (15.78) | 54 (21.6) | 68 (16.0) | 18 (9.78) | 17 (15.18) | 0 (0) |
| Received targeted agent therapy after first ICI, no. (%) | 1430 (11.73) | 80 (14.18) | 18 (7.20) | 59 (13.88) | 21 (11.41) | 17 (15.18) | 2 (33.33) |
| Malignant melanoma, no. (%) | 3708 (30.43) | 302 (53.55) | 79 (31.6) | 117 (27.53) | 65 (35.33) | 35 (31.25) | 2 (33.33) |
| Lung cancer, no. (%) | 5255 (43.12) | 184 (32.62) | 132 (52.8) | 205 (48.24) | 66 (35.87) | 58 (51.79) | 3 (50.0) |
| Renal cell carcinoma, no. (%) | 1211 (9.94) | 44 (7.8) | 19 (7.6) | 61 (14.35) | 25 (13.59) | 8 (7.14) | 0 (0) |
| Other cancers,a no. (%) | 2013 (16.51) | 34 (6.02) | 20 (8.00) | 42 (9.88) | 28 (15.22) | 11 (9.82) | 1 (16.67) |
CTLA-4, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4; CVAE, cardiovascular adverse events; ICI, immune checkpoint inhibitor; IQR, interquartile range; PD-1, programmed cell death protein 1.
a
Other cancers include Hodgkin's lymphoma, bladder cancer, head and neck cancer, Merkel cell carcinoma, colorectal cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, gastric cancer, esophageal cancer, cervical cancer, and primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma.