Table 4.
Periodontal status that is related heterogeneity.
| Author | selected teeth | probing sites/surface | Type of probes | Plaque index | Gingival index | Prior periodontal treatment | DM and smoking |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Antoniazzi et al.10 | all erupted teeth, excluding 3rd molar | PPD and CAL of six sites (mesio-buccal, disto-buccal, mesio-lingual, mid-lingual and distal lingual) of each tooth; PI and GI of four sites (mesial, buccal, distal and lingual) | indicating what kind of probe they used | Silness & Loe31 | Loe32 | excluding patients receiving periodontal treatment. | recruiting three, two and five heavy smokers in PSS, SSS and control groups, respectively; excluding DM patients |
| Ergun et al.11 | not mentioned | four sites (buccal, mesial, lingual and distal) | Hu-Friedy periodontal probe with Williams's markings | approximal plaque index | not mentioned | ||
| Kuru et al.22 | all erupted teeth, excluding 3rd molar | four sites (disto-, mid-, mesio-buccal, mid-lingual) | the William's periodontal probe | Silness & Loe31 | Loe & Silness33 | ||
| Marton et al.23 | not mentioned | four sites of the selected teeth | the calibrated periodontal probe | not mentioned | not mentioned | ||
| Najera et al.24 | all erupted teeth, excluding 3rd molar | four sites (disto-, mid-, mesio-buccal, mid-lingual) | the Florida probe | Silness & Loe,31 Loe32 | five SS subjects and three control subjects who had received periodontal surgery | excluding DM patients in the control group | |
| Pedersen et al.16 | Ramfjord teeth | four sites (buccal, mesial, lingual and distal) | manual periodontal probe proposed by Loe | Loe32 | Loe32 | recruiting three smokers but no smokers in the control group | |
| Pedersen et al.15 | Ramfjord teeth | four sites (buccal, mesial, lingual and distal) | manual periodontal probe proposed by Loe | Loe32 | Loe32 | recruiting five smokers but no smoker in the control group | |
| Rhodus and Michalowicz12 | Ramfjord teeth | six sites of the selected teeth. | Michigan “O” probe with Willian's marking | not mentioned | excluding patients receiving periodontal treatment | excluding smokers | |
| Tseng25 | Ramfjord teeth +26 | mesio-facial surfaces of upper right first molar, upper left first premolar and first molar and lower right central incisor, and mesio-lingual surfaces of upper left central incisor, left lower first molar and lower right first premolar | Michigan “O”probe with Willian's marking | Loe32 | Silness & Loe31 |