Table 3.
Maternal and neonatal outcomes among pregnancy with GWG within optimal range derived from models 1 to 3 and that of IOM.
| Overall (n=1465) | Model 1 (n=590) | Model 2 (n=738) | Model 3 (n=726) | IOM (n=597) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maternal outcomes | ||||||
| Primary CS | 283 (19.3) | 117 (19.8) | 134 (18.2) | 154 (21.2) | 121 (20.3) | 0.524 |
| Gestational hypertension/pre-eclampsia | 26 (1.8) | 15 (2.5) | 12 (1.6) | 18 (2.5) | 10 (1.7) | 0.490 |
| GDM | 190 (13.0) | 79 (13.4) | 95 (12.9) | 97 (13.4) | 86 (14.4) | 0.877 |
| Neonatal outcomes | ||||||
| Hypoglycaemia | 66 (4.5) | 24 (4.1) | 32 (4.3) | 31 (4.3) | 30 (5.0) | 0.863 |
| LBW | 40 (2.7) | 8 (1.4) | 23 (3.1) | 18 (2.5) | 19 (3.2) | 0.152 |
| Macrosomia | 37 (2.5) | 9 (1.5) | 12 (1.6) | 11 (1.5) | 11 (1.8) | 0.966 |
| SGA | 146 (10.0) | 41 (6.9) | 77 (10.4) | 55 (7.6) | 58 (9.7) | 0.072 |
| LGA | 98 (6.7) | 39 (6.6) | 32 (4.3) | 39 (5.4) | 27 (4.5) | 0.249 |
| Lean* | 116 (8.5) | 38 (6.9) | 66 (9.7) | 50 (7.4) | 48 (8.8) | 0.252 |
| Fat* | 143 (10.5) | 60 (10.8) | 58 (8.5) | 66 (9.8) | 45 (8.2) | 0.398 |
Data were expressed as n (%) and compared by using Chi-square tests.
Data on fat mass were available in 554, 683, 676 and 546 infants for model 1, model 2, model 3 and the IOM only.
Model 1 was based on the lowest sum of probabilities in SGA and LGA; model 2 was based on the lowest sum of probabilities in fat and lean infants); model 3 was the integration of models 1 & 2 (i.e. the lowest sum of probabilities of SGA, LGA, fat and lean infants). Underweight, normal weight and overweight were defined according to the maternal pre-pregnant BMI: <18.5, 18.5-23.9, 24.0-27.9 kg/m2 respectively. CS, caesarean section; GDM, gestational diabetes mellitus; LBW, low birth weight; SGA, small for gestational age; LGA, large for gestational age; IOM, Institute of Medicine.