Fig. 3.

Spawning of D. speciosa under different moonlight exposure hours. D. speciosa fragments were exposed to four experimental moonlight conditions (dim light [∼0.3 lx]) with different exposure hours at nighttime (18:30 to 05:00) for the first 4 d of the experiment: no light (panel 1), dim light in 18:30 to 05:00 (panel 2), dim light in 18:30 to 00:00 (panel 3), and dim light in 00:00 to 05:00 (panel 4). Black bars indicate major spawning (>hundreds of eggs), and white bars indicate minor spawning (several eggs) in four replicate fragments. Different letters in the panels indicate significant differences between the treatments (ANOVA and Tukey HSD test; P < 0.001). For detailed results of statistical analysis, refer to SI Appendix, Table S2.