TABLE 3.
Risk factors for influenza mortality among patients hospitalized with ARI, National Egyptian Surveillance, 2016‐2019
| Died during hospitalization (n = 353) | Discharged alive (n = 6767) | OR | 95% CI | P Value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No | % | No | % | ||||
| Age‐group years | |||||||
| <2 | 9 | 1.7 | 511 | 98.3 | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| 2‐4 | 10 | 1.2 | 818 | 98.8 | 0.7 | 0.3‐1.8 | .437 |
| 5‐14 | 6 | 0.7 | 830 | 99.3 | 0.4 | 0.1‐1.2 | .073 |
| 15‐49 | 118 | 4.6 | 2451 | 95.4 | 2.7 | 1.4‐5.8 | .001 |
| 50‐64 | 126 | 7.8 | 1498 | 92.2 | 4.8 | 2.5‐10.1 | <.001 |
| ≥65 | 84 | 11.3 | 659 | 88.7 | 7.2 | 3.7‐15.4 | <.001 |
| Gender | |||||||
| Males | 188 | 5.1 | 3466 | 94.9 | 1.1 | 0.9‐1.3 | .455 |
| Females | 165 | 4.8 | 3301 | 95.2 | |||
| Influenza type/subtypea | |||||||
| Flu‐B | 50 | 2.1 | 2307 | 97.9 | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| A/H3 | 58 | 3.3 | 1715 | 96.7 | 1.6 | 1.1‐2.3 | .01 |
| A/H1N1 | 245 | 8.2 | 2745 | 91.8 | 4.1 | 3.0‐5.7 | <.001 |
| Season | |||||||
| June‐August | 4 | 1.0 | 395 | 99.0 | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| September‐November | 59 | 3.3 | 1704 | 96.7 | 3.4 | 1.3‐11.1 | <.01 |
| December‐February | 232 | 7.0 | 3098 | 93.0 | 7.4 | 3.0‐23.6 | <.001 |
| March‐May | 58 | 3.6 | 1570 | 96.4 | 3.6 | 1.4‐11.9 | <.01 |
| Region | |||||||
| Upper Egypt | 63 | 3.7 | 1625 | 96.3 | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Lower Egypt | 175 | 4.3 | 3889 | 95.7 | 1.2 | 0.9‐1.6 | 1.161 |
| Frontier governorates | 21 | 7.6 | 255 | 92.4 | 2.1 | 1.3‐3.5 | <.01 |
| Urban governorates | 94 | 8.6 | 998 | 91.4 | 2.4 | 1.8‐3.4 | <.001 |
| Year | |||||||
| 2016 | 161 | 5.9 | 2566 | 94.1 | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| 2017 | 11 | 1.4 | 766 | 98.6 | 0.2 | 0.1‐0.4 | <.001 |
| 2018 | 86 | 4.6 | 1800 | 95.4 | 0.8 | 0.6‐1.0 | .023 |
| 2019 | 95 | 5.5 | 1635 | 94.5 | 0.9 | 0.7‐1.2 | .283 |
| Mean duration onset‐ hospital admission ± SD | 6.9 ± 6.3 | 4.8 ± 4.2 | <.001 | ||||
| Pneumonia | 138 | 8.8 | 1425 | 91.2 | 2.4 | 2.0‐3.0 | <.001 |
| No pneumonia | 215 | 3.9 | 5342 | 96.1 | |||
| Chronic diseasesb | 170 | 77.3 | NA | NA | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ |
| Diabetes | 60 | 23.1 | NA | NA | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ |
| COPD | 25 | 9.6 | NA | NA | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ |
| Cardiovascular disease | 15 | 5.8 | NA | NA | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ |
| Hepatic | 12 | 4.6 | NA | NA | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ |
| Renal | 10 | 3.8 | NA | NA | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ |
| Malignancy | 4 | 1.5 | NA | NA | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ |
| Pregnancyc | 10 | 7.8 | NA | NA | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ |
| Othersd | 17 | 6.5 | NA | NA | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ |
| >one chronic disease | 17 | 6.5 | NA | NA | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ |
a
Cases with co‐infection were excluded from the analysis (N = 7120).
b
Information on history of chronic disease is available only for the 260 patients died during hospitalization with influenza.
c
Out of 128 females died with influenza.
d
Other include Hematologic, neurologic, and autoimmune disease and smoking.