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Synthesis of azulene-bithiophene 48 and azulene-benzothiadiazole 52 copolymers. Conditions: (a): (i) Na2CO3, Aliquat 336, Pd(PPh3)4, 100 °C, toluene, 90% (ii) NBS, CHCl3/HOAc, −10 °C, 83%, (b): Na2CO3, Aliquat 336, Pd(PPh3)4, toluene, 110 °C, 9%, (c): Na2CO3, Aliquat 336, Pd(PPh3)4, toluene, 110 °C, 12%.
