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. 2021 Aug 30;19:89. doi: 10.1186/s12964-021-00775-2

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 6 — ADQ inhibits breast cancer immune escape and lung metastasis in vivo by suppressing the TAM/CXCL1/Treg pathway. a–c ADQ inhibits mammary tumor growth by suppressing TAM/CXCL1 activity. TAM/rCXCL1 refers to the overexpression of CXCL1 in the co-injected TAMs, while TAM/shCXCL1 refers to the knockdown of CXCL1 in the co-injected TAMs. a The representative pictures of tumors in each group. N = 6. b Tumor weights of each group. N = 10. c Tumor volume curves of each group. N = 10. d Both the in vivo imaging assay and lung HE staining assay suggested that ADQ dramatically suppressed the lung metastasis of mammary tumors by inhibiting the TAM/CXCL1 pathway. Scale bar = 100 μm. N = 3. Arrows and circles indicate the metastatic tumor foci in murine lungs. e–f TIL infiltration level (e) and tissue apoptosis (f) in mammary tumors were detected by HE staining assay and immunofluorescence assay, respectively. Scale bars indicate 100 μm in € and 20 μm in (f). N = 3. g The infiltration levels of Tregs, naive CD4⁺ T cells, and TAMs in mammary tumors of each group were detected by flow cytometry. N = 3. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01