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. 2021 Aug 30;21:460. doi: 10.1186/s12935-021-02154-w

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 2 — Heterogenetic NPCs niche present comprehensive gene expression pattern. a UMAP plot of NPCs subgroups of NPC1-NPC4 with different color annotations. b The SIX2 expression per cell [log2(TPM + 1)] in each single cell of four NPCs subgroups. c The violin plot presents marker genes of NPC1-NPC4, CITED1, ARID5B, CENPF, PAX8. d Cell cycle scores (G1, G2M, S) of each NPC subgroup. e The pseudotime trajectory plot of NPCs subgroups. The pseudotime showed the differentiation start to the end. f Different ATG expression of NPCs subgroups, ** represented P value < 0.01; *** represented P value < 0.001. g DEGs of NPC1 and NPC4: red dots represent upregulated genes in NPC1; blue dots represent down-regulated genes in NPC1. h GSVA results of NPC1 vs. NPC4. The left and right bar represented the downregulation and upregulation pathways respectively. i Top 10 enriched TFs in each subgroup of NPCs