Numerical simulations of a breath-generated aerosol plume in a turbulent boundary layer using a large eddy simulation (LES). (a) The transit of breath aerosol puffs is represented by contours of , (b) Mean concentration contours for a light plume (warmer than ambient temperature of C), (c) heavier plume (colder than ambient temperature of C), and (d) the mean concentration along the streamwise direction at 1.5 m above ground (in meters). The best-fit power laws beyond the near-field region are also shown. The temperature of the exhaled breath was assumed to be C. Reproduced with permission from R. Mittal, C. Meneveau, and W. Wu, “A mathematical framework for estimating risk of airborne transmission of COVID-19 with application to face mask use and social distancing,” Phys. Fluids 32(10), 101903 (2020).34 Copyright 2020 AIP Publishing.